No, there is not a function to get your expected output natively, though you can make your own functions, just use array_column to get the types/column, and then loop over your array, on match remove the item as to not duplicate iterations.

Something like:

<?php
$data = [
    ['foodType' => 'fruits', 'itemID' => 1, 'itemName' => 'apple'],
    ['foodType' => 'fruits', 'itemID' => 2, 'itemName' => 'banana'],
    ['foodType' => 'veggies', 'itemID' => 3, 'itemName' => 'carrot'],
    ['foodType' => 'veggies', 'itemID' => 4, 'itemName' => 'broccoli']
];

function array_column_multi ($array, $column) {
    $types = array_unique(array_column($array, $column));

    $return = [];
    foreach ($types as $type) {
        foreach ($array as value) {
            if ($type === $value[$column]) {
                unset($value[$column]);
                $return[$type][] = $value;
                unset($array[$key]);
            }
        }
    }
    return $return;
}


print_r(array_column_multi($data, 'foodType'));

https://3v4l.org/KQVeN

Result:

Array
(
    [fruits] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [itemID] => 1
                    [itemName] => apple
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [itemID] => 2
                    [itemName] => banana
                )

        )

    [veggies] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [itemID] => 3
                    [itemName] => carrot
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [itemID] => 4
                    [itemName] => broccoli
                )

        )

)

You can use array_walk_recursive

$array  = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['x', 'y', 'z']];
$findme = 'y';
$key    = null;
array_walk_recursive($array, function($v, $k) use($findme, &$key){
  if($v === $findme) $key = $k;
});
echo $key;

Working example : https://3v4l.org/GUqGH

In case if you need both keys use array_walk

 array_walk($array, function($v , $k) use (&$keys, $findme){
    $found = array_search($findme, $v);
    isset($found) ? ($keys = [$k, $found]) : '';
 }); 
 print_r($keys);

Working example : https://3v4l.org/U6bhn

Given a bidimensional array $channels:

$channels = array(
    array(
        'id' => 100,
        'name' => 'Direct'
    ),
    array(
        'id' => 200,
        'name' => 'Dynamic'
    )
);

A nice way is using array_map:

$_currentChannels = array_map(function ($value) {
    return  $value['name'];
}, $channels);

and if you are a potentate (php 5.5+) through array_column:

$_currentChannels = array_column($channels, 'name');

Both results in:

Array
(
    [0] => Direct
    [1] => Dynamic
)

Star guests: array_map (php4+) and array_column (php5.5+)

// array array_map ( callable $callback , array $array1 [, array $... ] )
// array array_column ( array $array , mixed $column_key [, mixed $index_key = null ] )

Try the following function.

function my_merge_array( $arr = [] ){
    $result = [];
    foreach ( $arr as $_arr ) {
        $A = $_arr['A'];
        foreach ($_arr['B'] as $key => $value) {
            $result[$A][$key] = [ $value, $_arr['C'][$key] ];
        }
    }
    return $result;
}

print_r( my_merge_array( $oriArr ) );

This should work for you:

$test = array(
          array("hoge", "bomen", "vangen"),
          array("moeten", "we", "rekening"),
          array("voor", "deze", "tijd")
        );   

               //vv Go trough each innerArray
foreach($test as $v) 
    echo $v[1] . "<br />";
       //^^^^^ Print the second element of each innerArray

Output:

bomen
we
deze

Also for more information about arrays see the manual: http://php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php (The manual is always a good reference to search for things and learn it :D)