What's the difference between using an IDE like Eclipse and using a text editor like Atom when making Java programs?
Does the IDE make it easier in any way? Does it pinpoint flaws in your program and tell you why something might not be working the way its supposed to? Why do people even choose to use IDEs as opposed to using text editors?
I'm new to Java, got a background in Javascript. I'm finding Java really difficult because even the smallest errors will lead to 100 other errors and the error messages you get in the compiler are very hard to interpret and figure out.
Would I benefit from using a IDE?
I recommend following 2 based on your requirements. Both support syntax-highlighting and allow to compile & run from the graphical User-Interface. Of course like Java itself they are free open source software and platform independent.
BlueJ
An IDE designed exclusively for learning Java is BlueJ
BlueJ is an integrated development environment for the Java programming language, developed mainly for educational purposes, but also suitable for small-scale software development. It runs with the help of JDK. BlueJ was developed to support the learning and teaching of object-oriented programming, and its design differs from other development environments as a result. The main screen graphically shows the class structure of an application under development, and objects can be interactively created and tested. This interaction facility, combined with a clean, simple user interface, allows easy experimentation with objects under development. Object-oriented concepts are represented visually and in its interaction design in the interface.
DrJava
A lightweight Java IDE is DrJava
DrJava is a lightweight IDE for the Java programming language. Designed primarily for beginners and actively developed and maintained by the JavaPLT group at Rice University, its interface uses Sun Microsystems' Swing toolkit and therefore has a consistent appearance on different platforms.
Other Java IDEs
For the beginner's purpose of learning Java I would not recommend a fully fledged Java IDE. Because most of them bring along distraction; e.g., project support (Maven/Gradle, Git, refactoring, etc.) you probably wouldn't need at the beginning.
Although find a full Comparison of Java IDEs at Wikipedia.
I would recommend NetBeans, which was an official Java IDE provided by Oracle.