This similar question helped me discover the problem.

The Python documentation for the inspect module mentions both "frame records" and "frame objects", and explains the difference.

• inspect.currentframe() returns a frame object, but
• inspect.getouterframes() returns a list of frame records.

The mistake in the code above is not extracting the frame object from the frame record of the calling function, and passing inspect.getouterframes() the frame record instead of the frame object. (Note that inspect.getouterframes() doesn't check that its argument is a frame object.)

Here's the fixed definition of caller_args() (with the change to the assignment to caller_frame):

def caller_args():
    frame = inspect.currentframe()
    outer_frames = inspect.getouterframes(frame)
    caller_frame = outer_frames[1][0]
    return inspect.getargvalues(caller_frame)

Which runs as desired:

$ python getargvalues_test_fixed.py
ArgInfo(args=['arg1'], varargs=None, keywords=None, locals={'arg1': 'foo'})

inspect.currentframe() can depending on the python implementation return None as stated in the documentation:

CPython implementation detail: This function relies on Python stack frame support in the interpreter, which isn’t guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python. If running in an implementation without Python stack frame support this function returns None.

mypy is just letting you know that's the case. To handle this you can just check if the return of currentframe() is None

from types import FrameType
frame = inspect.currentframe()
if frame is None:
    raise RuntimeError("unsupported python implementation")  # or give a default name
fn_name: str = frame.f_code.co_name

You are receiving an error because alphabet is a variable defined within a function. It is therefore a local variable which cannot be accessed outside of that function.

I am very confused as to why there is a function there in the first place. I would replace everything under the alphabet function with just the variable containing the characters in order.

There are actually quite a few things wrong with this code - the code in the for loop is flawed as well. Here is my solution, with the added benefit of printing the encoded message as one string and not as a load of characters, as well as dealing with non-alphanumeric characters.

elif option1 == 2:
    alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    message = input('What message would you like to encrypt?')
    encoded = []
    for character in message:
        if character.isalpha():
            encoded.append(alphabet[25-alphabet.find(character)])
        else:
            encoded.append(character)
    print(''.join(encoded))

As the error traceback suggests, there's no table in the database with the given name:

The provided table name '{name}' is not found exactly as such in the database

It seems that this is due to a case sensitivity issue. In the table model:

class Apple_health_export(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'apple_health_export'

In the initial code snippet:

df.to_sql('Apple_health_export', engine, if_exists='append', index=False)

'apple_health_export' is not equal to 'Apple_health_export'.

This is possible but usually not useful.

def func():
    pass

func.saver_refine = 1
print(func.saver_refine)

Accessing local variables from the outside is not possible, they only exist in the namespace of the function while it runs, and they are lost once the function exits.

This line here:

poi = c.getCenter

Is not calling the function, it's assigning the function to the name poi. You need parenthesis to actually call it:

poi = c.getCenter()