In words: H0: Group A and Group B have equal life satisfaction HA: Group A and Group B have different life satisfaction Which I would translate as H0: meanA = meanB HA: meanB =/= meanB So you'd have to find the CI for each group and see if they overlap. It's been a while (25 years) since I've done this kind of thing, so I might be wrong, but I don't think I am. edit: typo in HA! Answer from silverwoodchuck47 on reddit.com
ThoughtCo
thoughtco.com › null-hypothesis-examples-609097
How to Formulate a Null Hypothesis (With Examples)
May 7, 2024 - Rephrase that question in a form that assumes no relationship between the variables. In other words, assume a treatment has no effect. Write your hypothesis in a way that reflects this. ... In addition to the null hypothesis, the alternative hypothesis is also a staple in traditional significance tests.
Applied Mathematics
colorado.edu › amath › sites › default › files › attached-files › lesson9_hyptests.pdf pdf
9 Hypothesis Tests (Ch 9.1-9.3, 9.5-9.9)
reject the null hypothesis;; for the other 81%, a type II error ... H0 is false because µ = 22. ... Perceptions of Wine Quality” (Amer. J. of Enology and · Viticulture, 2007: 182–191) reported that, in a tasting of · commercial chardonnays, 16 of 91 bottles were considered · spoiled to some extent by cork-associated characteristics.
How do I frame null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis here?
In words: H0: Group A and Group B have equal life satisfaction HA: Group A and Group B have different life satisfaction Which I would translate as H0: meanA = meanB HA: meanB =/= meanB So you'd have to find the CI for each group and see if they overlap. It's been a while (25 years) since I've done this kind of thing, so I might be wrong, but I don't think I am. edit: typo in HA! More on reddit.com
6
1
December 8, 2020How to write a null hypothesis using the ntheorem package - TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange
I have two hypotheses. One effect hypothesis (number 1), and a null hypothesis (number 2). How do I make the null hypothesis appear as Hypothesis 0 instead of Hypothesis 2? I.e. I want to change the More on tex.stackexchange.com
Null hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis
Hi! So, yours is actually a sophisticated question that masquerades as a simple one, so I'll try to answer this in a way that conveys the concept while perhaps alluding to some of its problems. At its heart, the null hypothesis is a sort of "straw man" that is defined by a researcher at the beginning of an experiment that usually represents a state of affairs that would be expected to occur if the researcher's proposal were false. Note that a null hypothesis is entirely imaginary, and it has nothing to do with the actual state of the world. It is contrived, usually to show that the actual state of the world is inconsistent with the null hypothesis. Suppose a researcher is trying to determine whether the heights of men and women are different. A suitable null hypothesis might be that the difference of the two population averages (height of men and height of women) is equal to zero. Then the researcher would conduct his or her experiment by measuring the heights of many men and women. When it comes time to draw a statistical conclusion, he or she will compute the probability that the observed data (the set of heights) could have come from the null hypothesis (i.e., a world where there is no difference). This probability is called a "p-value". Conceptually, this is similar to a "proof by contradiction," in which we assert that, if the probability is very small that the data could have originated from the null hypothesis, it must not be true. This is what is meant by "rejecting the null hypothesis". It is different from a proof by contradiction because rejecting the null proves nothing, except perhaps that the null is unlikely to be the source of the observed data. It doesn't prove that the true difference is 5 inches, or 1 inch, or anything. Because of this, rejecting the null hypothesis is in NO WAY equivalent to accepting an alternative hypothesis. Usually, in the course of an experiment, we observe a result (such as the observed height difference, perhaps it is ~5 inches) that, once we reject, replaces the hypothesized value of 0 under the null. However, we DON'T know anything about the probability that our observed value is "correct", which is why we never say that we have "accepted" an alternative. I actually hesitate to discuss an "alternative" hypothesis because most researchers never state one and it doesn't matter for the purposes of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). It is just the name given to the conclusion drawn by the researchers after they have rejected their null hypothesis. Philosophically, there is an adage that data can never be used to prove an assertion, only to disprove one. It includes an analogy about a turkey concluding that he is loved by his human family and is proven wrong upon being slaughtered on Thanksgiving. I'll include a link if I can find it. Now, think about this: The concept of rejecting a null hypothesis probably seems very reasonable as long as we are careful not to overinterpret it, and this is how NHST was performed for decades. But consider - what is the probability that the null hypothesis is true in the first place? In other words, how likely is it that the difference between mens' and womens' heights is equal to zero? I propose that the probability is exactly zero, and if you disagree then I will find a ruler small enough to prove me correct. The difference can never be equal to exactly zero (even though this is the "straw man" that our experiment refutes), so we are effectively testing against a hypothesis that can never be true. Rejecting a hypothesis we already know to be false tells us nothing important ("the data are unlikely to have come from this state that cannot be true"). And since every null hypothesis is imaginary, it is suggested that any null hypothesis can be rejected with enough statistical power (read:sample size). Often a "significant" result says more about a study's sample size than it does about the study's findings, even though the language used in papers/media suggests to readers that the findings are more "important" or "likely to be correct". This has, in part, led to a reproducibility crisis in the sciences and, for some, an undermining of subject-matter-experts' trust in the use of applied statistics. More on reddit.com
18
18
January 5, 2021ELI5 what is the null hypothesis and can you give me some simple examples?
More or less, the null hypothesis is a hypothesis that states there wasn't anything important discovered in observation. If it's a two-group trial and control study, the null hypothesis is generally "the trial group is no different".
If the study is testing a medication, the null hypothesis is "it doesn't do anything".
If the study is comparing gender differences in some mental task, the null hypothesis is "there isn't a difference".
More on reddit.com 13
8
November 23, 2021What is hypothesis testing?
Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is used by scientists to test specific predictions, called hypotheses, by calculating how likely it is that a pattern or relationship between variables could have arisen by chance.
scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
What are null and alternative hypotheses?
Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.
scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
What symbols are used to represent null hypotheses?
The null hypothesis is often abbreviated as H0. When the null hypothesis is written using mathematical symbols, it always includes an equality symbol (usually =, but sometimes ≥ or ≤).
scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
Videos
06:15
Writing Null and Alternative Hypotheses - YouTube
04:29
What's a null hypothesis? // How to write a null hypothesis - YouTube
14:38
Writing the Null and Alternate Hypothesis in Statistics - YouTube
Examples of null and alternative hypotheses (video)
07:26
Setting Up the Null and the Alternative Hypotheses - YouTube
06:52
Hypothesis Testing - Null and Alternative Hypotheses - YouTube
National University
resources.nu.edu › statsresources › hypothesis
Null & Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics Resources - LibGuides at National University
October 27, 2025 - Null Hypothesis: H0: Experience on the job has no impact on the quality of a brick mason’s work. Alternative Hypothesis: Ha: The quality of a brick mason’s work is influenced by on-the-job experience.
Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
January 24, 2025 - When you incorrectly reject the null hypothesis, it’s called a type I error. When you incorrectly fail to reject it, it’s a type II error. The table below gives examples of research questions and null hypotheses. There’s always more than one way to answer a research question, but these null hypotheses can help you get started. *Note that some researchers prefer to always write the null hypothesis in terms of “no effect” and “=”. It would be fine to say that daily meditation has no effect on the incidence of depression and p1 = p2.
Quora
quora.com › How-do-you-write-a-null-hypothesis-for-a-research-paper
How to write a null hypothesis for a research paper - Quora
Answer (1 of 4): You may be confusing the concept of a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis. A research hypothesis is what you want to confirm or not confirm. A research hypothesis might be that states with Democratic governors have had fewer covid cases than states with Republican governors...
Statistics By Jim
statisticsbyjim.com › home › blog › null hypothesis: definition, rejecting & examples
Null Hypothesis: Definition, Rejecting & Examples - Statistics By Jim
November 7, 2022 - The null hypothesis varies by the type of statistic and hypothesis test. Remember that inferential statistics use samples to draw conclusions about populations. Consequently, when you write a null hypothesis, it must make a claim about the relevant population parameter.
Corporate Finance Institute
corporatefinanceinstitute.com › home › resources › null hypothesis
Null Hypothesis - Overview, How It Works, Example
November 21, 2023 - Over 2.8 million + professionals use CFI to learn accounting, financial analysis, modeling and more. Unlock the essentials of corporate finance with our free resources and get an exclusive sneak peek at the first module of each course. Start Free · The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between two population parameters, i.e., an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Penn State University
online.stat.psu.edu › stat200 › lesson › 5 › 5.2
5.2 - Writing Hypotheses | STAT 200
For each test you will have a null ... three things that we need to know: (1) the parameter that we are testing (2) the direction of the test (non-directional, right-tailed or left-tailed), and (3) the value of the hypothesized parameter....
ABPI Schools
abpischools.org.uk › topics › statistics › the-null-hypothesis-and-the-p-value
The null hypothesis and the p-value
For example, if you were investigating the effect that short bursts of exercise have on heart rate, your null hypothesis would state ‘Short bursts of exercise will have no effect on heart rate’. When interpreting results, you work to either accept or reject the null hypothesis.
Reddit
reddit.com › r/askstatistics › how do i frame null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis here?
r/AskStatistics on Reddit: How do I frame null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis here?
December 8, 2020 -
Hey guys,
I've just started self learning hypothesis testing and am getting confused about framing the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in this question.
Usually every question I came accross made more sense and had a defining point at which it should be considered high satisfaction and below which it would be low.
Best I could come up with is (H0 : score > 30) but just assuming everything above mean is high feels wrong cause there's nothing specified in the question.
So in case I come accross questions like this how to I approach framing the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis?
Top answer 1 of 2
1
In words: H0: Group A and Group B have equal life satisfaction HA: Group A and Group B have different life satisfaction Which I would translate as H0: meanA = meanB HA: meanB =/= meanB So you'd have to find the CI for each group and see if they overlap. It's been a while (25 years) since I've done this kind of thing, so I might be wrong, but I don't think I am. edit: typo in HA!
2 of 2
1
Hypotheses are about population quantities. "score>30" is not of that form Null hypotheses should normally include an equality (otherwise you run into some issues with logic/interpretation) "had a defining point at which it should be considered high satisfaction and below which it would be low" is talking about a one sample test. This is clearly some kind of location comparison on two samples. However the question does not suggest which specific sort of population comparison might be of interest; you'd need to think about whether you are going to compare means or something else. Where does the question come from? [There's some issues with the question: "A research" is not correct English, "research" is effectively a mass noun, you can't enumerate it - either "Research was..." or "A piece of research was..." would work; "excel" should be capitalized; "justify with" is not correct English; the "with" could be omitted. There are some other issues as well, but those were the ones that bothered my enough to mention. The author needs a proofreader.]
San Jose State University
sjsu.edu › faculty › gerstman › StatPrimer › hyp-test.pdf pdf
6: Introduction to Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
However, Ha is the hypothesis the researcher hopes to ... Take as an example a treatment that is said to be 25% effective. A researcher claims she has a new · treatment with improved efficacy. It is essential that we articulate the research question into “plain · English.” In null (no difference) form, the new treatment is NO more effective than the existing treatment
Texas Gateway
texasgateway.org › resource › 91-null-and-alternative-hypotheses
9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Texas Gateway
H0—The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between sample means or proportions or no difference between a sample mean or proportion and a population mean or proportion. In other words, the difference equals 0. Ha—The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population that is contradictory to H0 and what we conclude when we reject H0.
Proofed
proofed.com › home › what is a null hypothesis?
What Is a Null Hypothesis? | Proofed's Writing Tips
November 23, 2022 - It’s important to use the terms “reject” or “fail to reject” for the null hypothesis, even if it feels unnatural.
Top answer 1 of 2
1
My impression is that you don't want automatic numbering.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ntheorem} % For writing hypotheses
\theoremseparator{:} % Insert :
\newtheorem*{hyp*}{Hypothesis \protect\hypnumber} % Name "Hypothesis"
\newenvironment{hyp}[1]{\renewcommand{\hypnumber}{#1}\begin{hyp*}}{\end{hyp*}}
\newcommand{\hypnumber}{}
\begin{document}
\begin{hyp}{1}
My first hypothesis
\end{hyp}
\begin{hyp}{0}
My null hypothesis
\end{hyp}
\end{document}
2 of 2
1
You could set the counter to -1 before the null hypothesis (which will increase it to 0) and then back 1 afterwards:
\setcounter{hyp}{-1}
\begin{hyp}
My null hypothesis
\end{hyp}
\setcounter{hyp}[1}
That could be inconvenient however if you ever move the placement of the null hypothesis relative to other hypotheses, since you'd then have to set it back to something else.
An alternative would just to introduce a second nullhyp environment so its counter wouldn't interfere with the main hyp counter, so you wouldn't have to reset it afterwards.
\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{ntheorem} % For writing hypotheses
\theoremseparator{:} % Insert :
\newtheorem{hyp}{Hypothesis} % Name "Hypothesis"
\newtheorem{nullhyp}{Hypothesis} % Same name, different counter
\begin{document}
\begin{hyp}
My first hypothesis
\end{hyp}
\setcounter{nullhyp}{-1}
\begin{nullhyp}
My null hypothesis
\end{nullhyp}
\begin{hyp}
My next hypothesis
\end{hyp}
\end{document}
I'm sure there are other methods.
Pressbooks
ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub › introstats › chapter › 8-2-null-and-alternative-hypotheses
8.2 Null and Alternative Hypotheses – Introduction to Statistics
September 1, 2022 - The null hypothesis is denoted [latex]H_0[/latex]. It is a statement about the population that either is believed to be true or is used to put forth an argument unless it can be shown to be incorrect beyond a reasonable doubt.
Tallahassee State College
tsc.fl.edu › media › divisions › learning-commons › resources-by-subject › math › statistics › The-Null-and-the-Alternative-Hypotheses.pdf pdf
The Null and the Alternative Hypotheses
Note that the Null Hypothesis, H0, ALWAYS contains the condition of equality. ... In this example, we must test whether or not the breaking strength specifications are met. This · means that the Alternative Hypothesis will have the “not equal sign.” The claim will be based on · the “specifications call for a mean breaking strength of 2010” · H0: µ, mu, =2010 pounds. (This is the claim) H1: µ, mu, ≠2010 pounds. ... The company wishes to ...
Wordvice
blog.wordvice.com › home › how to write a research hypothesis: good & bad examples
How to Write a Research Hypothesis: Good & Bad Examples - Wordvice
June 9, 2025 - You then test this nondirectional ... the null hypothesis: H0: The only lab-tested drug has no effect on anxiety levels in an anxiety mouse model. In most research papers, the hypothesis or statement of purpose is placed at the end of the Introduction section. Now that we understand the important distinctions between different kinds of research hypotheses, let’s look at a simple process of how to write a ...
Open Textbook BC
opentextbc.ca › researchmethods › chapter › understanding-null-hypothesis-testing
Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing – Research Methods in Psychology – 2nd Canadian Edition
October 13, 2015 - Null hypothesis testing is a formal approach to deciding between two interpretations of a statistical relationship in a sample. One interpretation is called the null hypothesis (often symbolized H0 and read as “H-naught”). This is the idea that there is no relationship in the population and that the relationship in the sample reflects only sampling error.
National Library of Medicine
nlm.nih.gov › oet › ed › stats › 02-700.html
Finding and Using Health Statistics
In the null hypothesis, there is no difference between the observed mean (µ) and the claimed value (75). However, in the alternative hypothesis, class mean is significantly different (either less than or greater than 75) from the student’s score (75). Statistical tests will be used to support to either support or reject the null hypothesis.
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Null_hypothesis
Null hypothesis - Wikipedia
3 weeks ago - {\textstyle H_{0}} ) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesis in which no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed. If the null hypothesis is true, any experimentally ...