Use val.item() to convert most NumPy values to a native Python type:
import numpy as np
# for example, numpy.float32 -> python float
val = np.float32(0)
pyval = val.item()
print(type(pyval)) # <class 'float'>
# and similar...
type(np.float64(0).item()) # <class 'float'>
type(np.uint32(0).item()) # <class 'int'>
type(np.int16(0).item()) # <class 'int'>
type(np.cfloat(0).item()) # <class 'complex'>
type(np.datetime64(0, 'D').item()) # <class 'datetime.date'>
type(np.datetime64('2001-01-01 00:00:00').item()) # <class 'datetime.datetime'>
type(np.timedelta64(0, 'D').item()) # <class 'datetime.timedelta'>
...
(A related method np.asscalar(val) was deprecated with 1.16, and removed with 1.23).
For the curious, to build a table of conversions of NumPy array scalars for your system:
for name in dir(np):
obj = getattr(np, name)
if hasattr(obj, 'dtype'):
try:
if 'time' in name:
npn = obj(0, 'D')
else:
npn = obj(0)
nat = npn.item()
print('{0} ({1!r}) -> {2}'.format(name, npn.dtype.char, type(nat)))
except:
pass
There are a few NumPy types that have no native Python equivalent on some systems, including: clongdouble, clongfloat, complex192, complex256, float128, longcomplex, longdouble and longfloat. These need to be converted to their nearest NumPy equivalent before using .item().
Use val.item() to convert most NumPy values to a native Python type:
import numpy as np
# for example, numpy.float32 -> python float
val = np.float32(0)
pyval = val.item()
print(type(pyval)) # <class 'float'>
# and similar...
type(np.float64(0).item()) # <class 'float'>
type(np.uint32(0).item()) # <class 'int'>
type(np.int16(0).item()) # <class 'int'>
type(np.cfloat(0).item()) # <class 'complex'>
type(np.datetime64(0, 'D').item()) # <class 'datetime.date'>
type(np.datetime64('2001-01-01 00:00:00').item()) # <class 'datetime.datetime'>
type(np.timedelta64(0, 'D').item()) # <class 'datetime.timedelta'>
...
(A related method np.asscalar(val) was deprecated with 1.16, and removed with 1.23).
For the curious, to build a table of conversions of NumPy array scalars for your system:
for name in dir(np):
obj = getattr(np, name)
if hasattr(obj, 'dtype'):
try:
if 'time' in name:
npn = obj(0, 'D')
else:
npn = obj(0)
nat = npn.item()
print('{0} ({1!r}) -> {2}'.format(name, npn.dtype.char, type(nat)))
except:
pass
There are a few NumPy types that have no native Python equivalent on some systems, including: clongdouble, clongfloat, complex192, complex256, float128, longcomplex, longdouble and longfloat. These need to be converted to their nearest NumPy equivalent before using .item().
If you want to convert (numpy.array OR numpy scalar OR native type OR numpy.darray) TO native type you can simply do :
converted_value = getattr(value, "tolist", lambda: value)()
tolist will convert your scalar or array to python native type. The default lambda function takes care of the case where value is already native.
BUG: Weird conversion behavior from np.float32 to Python float
Convert list of numpy.float64 to float in Python quickly - Stack Overflow
Preventing numpy from converting float type to numpy.int64 type
BUG: Shouldn't numpy's floating types (e.g. `np.float_`) and python's native `float` type be compatible?
The tolist() method should do what you want. If you have a numpy array, just call tolist():
In [17]: a
Out[17]:
array([ 0. , 0.14285714, 0.28571429, 0.42857143, 0.57142857,
0.71428571, 0.85714286, 1. , 1.14285714, 1.28571429,
1.42857143, 1.57142857, 1.71428571, 1.85714286, 2. ])
In [18]: a.dtype
Out[18]: dtype('float64')
In [19]: b = a.tolist()
In [20]: b
Out[20]:
[0.0,
0.14285714285714285,
0.2857142857142857,
0.42857142857142855,
0.5714285714285714,
0.7142857142857142,
0.8571428571428571,
1.0,
1.1428571428571428,
1.2857142857142856,
1.4285714285714284,
1.5714285714285714,
1.7142857142857142,
1.857142857142857,
2.0]
In [21]: type(b)
Out[21]: list
In [22]: type(b[0])
Out[22]: float
If, in fact, you really have python list of numpy.float64 objects, then @Alexander's answer is great, or you could convert the list to an array and then use the tolist() method. E.g.
In [46]: c
Out[46]:
[0.0,
0.33333333333333331,
0.66666666666666663,
1.0,
1.3333333333333333,
1.6666666666666665,
2.0]
In [47]: type(c)
Out[47]: list
In [48]: type(c[0])
Out[48]: numpy.float64
@Alexander's suggestion, a list comprehension:
In [49]: [float(v) for v in c]
Out[49]:
[0.0,
0.3333333333333333,
0.6666666666666666,
1.0,
1.3333333333333333,
1.6666666666666665,
2.0]
Or, convert to an array and then use the tolist() method.
In [50]: np.array(c).tolist()
Out[50]:
[0.0,
0.3333333333333333,
0.6666666666666666,
1.0,
1.3333333333333333,
1.6666666666666665,
2.0]
If you are concerned with the speed, here's a comparison. The input, x, is a python list of numpy.float64 objects:
In [8]: type(x)
Out[8]: list
In [9]: len(x)
Out[9]: 1000
In [10]: type(x[0])
Out[10]: numpy.float64
Timing for the list comprehension:
In [11]: %timeit list1 = [float(v) for v in x]
10000 loops, best of 3: 109 µs per loop
Timing for conversion to numpy array and then tolist():
In [12]: %timeit list2 = np.array(x).tolist()
10000 loops, best of 3: 70.5 µs per loop
So it is faster to convert the list to an array and then call tolist().
You could use a list comprehension:
floats = [float(np_float) for np_float in np_float_list]
So I have 3-tuple of only float types, let's call it eta.
I also have a class attribute eta_hat which is initialized as numpy.array( [ [0], [0], [0] ] ), the idea it being a column vector.
My goal is to make the values of eta_hat the values of eta. However, the piece of code
self.eta_hat[0][0], self.eta_hat[1][0], self.eta_hat[2][0] = eta[0], eta[1], eta[2]
converts eta[x] from float to numpy.int64 in self.eta_hat[x][0]. I do not understand how numpy handles these, and would love an explenation on how I could fix this problem. Thanks!