The best answer here is to use all(), which is the builtin for this situation. We combine this with a generator expression to produce the result you want cleanly and efficiently. For example:
>>> items = [[1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 0]]
>>> all(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items)
True
>>> items = [[1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 1], [1, 2, 0]]
>>> all(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items)
False
Note that all(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items) is directly equivalent to all(item[2] == 0 for item in items), it's just a little nicer to read in this case.
And, for the filter example, a list comprehension (of course, you could use a generator expression where appropriate):
>>> [x for x in items if x[2] == 0]
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 0]]
If you want to check at least one element is 0, the better option is to use any() which is more readable:
>>> any(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items)
True
Answer from Gareth Latty on Stack OverflowThe best answer here is to use all(), which is the builtin for this situation. We combine this with a generator expression to produce the result you want cleanly and efficiently. For example:
>>> items = [[1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 0]]
>>> all(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items)
True
>>> items = [[1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 1], [1, 2, 0]]
>>> all(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items)
False
Note that all(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items) is directly equivalent to all(item[2] == 0 for item in items), it's just a little nicer to read in this case.
And, for the filter example, a list comprehension (of course, you could use a generator expression where appropriate):
>>> [x for x in items if x[2] == 0]
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 2, 0]]
If you want to check at least one element is 0, the better option is to use any() which is more readable:
>>> any(flag == 0 for (_, _, flag) in items)
True
If you want to check if any item in the list violates a condition use all:
if all([x[2] == 0 for x in lista]):
# Will run if all elements in the list has x[2] = 0 (use not to invert if necessary)
To remove all elements not matching, use filter
# Will remove all elements where x[2] is 0
listb = filter(lambda x: x[2] != 0, listb)
You can use chain
from itertools import chain
l = [[1,2,3],[1,2,3]]
len(list(chain(*l))) # give you 6
the expression list(chain(*l)) give you flat list: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
Make the matrix numpy array like this
mat = np.array([[1,2,3],[1,2,3]])
Make the array 1D like this
arr = mat.ravel()
Print length
print(len(arr))
When number of occurrences doesn't matter, you can still use the subset functionality, by creating a set on the fly:
>>> list1 = ['a', 'c', 'c']
>>> list2 = ['x', 'b', 'a', 'x', 'c', 'y', 'c']
>>> set(list1).issubset(list2)
True
If you need to check if each element shows up at least as many times in the second list as in the first list, you can make use of the Counter type and define your own subset relation:
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> def counterSubset(list1, list2):
c1, c2 = Counter(list1), Counter(list2)
for k, n in c1.items():
if n > c2[k]:
return False
return True
>>> counterSubset(list1, list2)
True
>>> counterSubset(list1 + ['a'], list2)
False
>>> counterSubset(list1 + ['z'], list2)
False
If you already have counters (which might be a useful alternative to store your data anyway), you can also just write this as a single line:
>>> all(n <= c2[k] for k, n in c1.items())
True
Be aware of the following:
>>>listA = ['a', 'a', 'b','b','b','c']
>>>listB = ['b', 'a','a','b','c','d']
>>>all(item in listB for item in listA)
True
If you read the "all" line as you would in English, This is not wrong but can be misleading, as listA has a third 'b' but listB does not.
This also has the same issue:
def list1InList2(list1, list2):
for item in list1:
if item not in list2:
return False
return True
Just a note. The following does not work:
>>>tupA = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
>>>tupB = (1,2,3,4,5,6,6,7,8,9)
>>>set(tupA) < set(TupB)
False
If you convert the tuples to lists it still does not work. I don't know why strings work but ints do not.
Works but has same issue of not keeping count of element occurances:
>>>set(tupA).issubset(set(tupB))
True
Using sets is not a comprehensive solution for multi-occurrance element matching.
But here is a one-liner solution/adaption to shantanoo's answer without try/except:
all(True if sequenceA.count(item) <= sequenceB.count(item) else False for item in sequenceA)
A builtin function wrapping a list comprehension using a ternary conditional operator. Python is awesome! Note that the "<=" should not be "==".
With this solution sequence A and B can be type tuple and list and other "sequences" with "count" methods. The elements in both sequences can be most types. I would not use this with dicts as it is now, hence the use "sequence" instead of "iterable".
Like this:
>>> Cards = [[["QS","5H","AS"],["2H","8H"],["7C"]],[["9H","5C"],["JH"]],["7D"]]
>>> from compiler.ast import flatten
>>> flatten(Cards)
['QS', '5H', 'AS', '2H', '8H', '7C', '9H', '5C', 'JH', '7D']
As, nacholibre pointed out, the compiler package is deprecated. This is the source of flatten:
def flatten(seq):
l = []
for elt in seq:
t = type(elt)
if t is tuple or t is list:
for elt2 in flatten(elt):
l.append(elt2)
else:
l.append(elt)
return l
Slightly obscure oneliner:
>>> [a for c in Cards for b in c for a in b]
['QS', '5H', 'AS', '2H', '8H', '7C', '9H', '5C', 'JH', '7', 'D']
You might want to give a, b and c more descriptive names.
You can use a list comprehension with enumerate:
indices = [i for i, x in enumerate(my_list) if x == "whatever"]
The iterator enumerate(my_list) yields pairs (index, item) for each item in the list. Using i, x as loop variable target unpacks these pairs into the index i and the list item x. We filter down to all x that match our criterion, and select the indices i of these elements.
While not a solution for lists directly, numpy really shines for this sort of thing:
import numpy as np
values = np.array([1,2,3,1,2,4,5,6,3,2,1])
searchval = 3
ii = np.where(values == searchval)[0]
returns:
ii ==>array([2, 8])
This can be significantly faster for lists (arrays) with a large number of elements vs some of the other solutions.
Operators like <= in Python are generally not overriden to mean something significantly different than "less than or equal to". It's unusual for the standard library does this--it smells like legacy API to me.
Use the equivalent and more clearly-named method, set.issubset. Note that you don't need to convert the argument to a set; it'll do that for you if needed.
set(['a', 'b']).issubset(['a', 'b', 'c'])
I would probably use set in the following manner :
set(l).issuperset(set(['a','b']))
or the other way round :
set(['a','b']).issubset(set(l))
I find it a bit more readable, but it may be over-kill. Sets are particularly useful to compute union/intersection/differences between collections, but it may not be the best option in this situation ...
def equal ():
print('introduce all the elements you want separated by space: ')
lista_n = input()
lista_n = lista_n.split()
n_equal = lista_n [0]
for i in lista_n:
if i == n_equal:
print("All elements are equal")
break
else:
print("Elements are not equal ")
equal () When I run the funtion, if all elements are equal, the program does what I want. The problem comes when elements are not equal.
I've been learning python for two weeks, don't laugh at me.