Give a try to the following formula-

=IF(ISNUMBER(XMATCH(C2,TAKE(SORT(FILTER(2:50000,(2:50000=A2)*(2:50000=B2)),1,-1),5))),"Y","")

I assume the top 5 values should go in 5 different cells. In this case why not use the same formula you already had, but look for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th highest?

=INDEX($F$6:$F$244,MATCH(LARGE($V$6:$V$244,1),$V$6:$V$244,0))
=INDEX($F$6:$F$244,MATCH(LARGE($V$6:$V$244,2),$V$6:$V$244,0))
=INDEX($F$6:$F$244,MATCH(LARGE($V$6:$V$244,3),$V$6:$V$244,0))
=INDEX($F$6:$F$244,MATCH(LARGE($V$6:$V$244,4),$V$6:$V$244,0))
=INDEX($F$6:$F$244,MATCH(LARGE($V$6:$V$244,5),$V$6:$V$244,0))

Proof of Concept

Use the following formula in the example above in cell F2 and copy down and to the right as needed.

=IFERROR(INDEX($A$2:$A$8,MATCH(AGGREGATE(14,6,($C$2:$C$8=F$1)*($B$2:$B$8),ROW($A2)-1),$B$2:$B$8,0)),"")

In the header row provide the group numbers. or come up with a formula to augment and reset the group number as you copy down based on your X number in your question.

Explanation:

The AGGREGATE function unlike the large function is an array function without the need to use CSE. As such we can add criteria to what we want to use. In this case only 1 criteria was used and that was the group number. in the formula it was the following part:

($C$2:$C$8=F$1)

If there were multiple criteria we would use either an + operator as an OR or we would use an * operator as an AND.

The 6 option in the aggregate function allows us to ignore errors. This is useful when trying to get the small. It is also useful for dealing with other information that may cause errors that do not need to be worried about.

As this is technically an array operation avoid using full column/row references as they can bog down your system.

The basics of what the over all formula is doing is building a list that match the group number you are interested in. After filtering your numbers, it then determines which is the largest, second largest etc by what row you have copied down to. It then determine what row the nth largest number occurs in through the match function, and finally it returns to the corresponding name to that row with the index function.

This seems to be not the easiest task, as you need to take care of the aggregation of totals etc., but a LET() statement should help you to keep things clean and provide you with a spilled array. Generally, the LET() allows you to assign names to intermediate values. I extended the example data a bit to have a more comprehensive example (see below) stored in range A1:C15.

Input data:

Case 1: Returning Aggregate Totals

The formula put in practice looks as follows:

=LET(
    data, $A$1:$C$15,
    criteria, "f",
    topN, 3,
    filteredData, FILTER(data, INDEX(data, , 2) = criteria),
    uniqueNames, UNIQUE(INDEX(filteredData, , 1)),
    totals, SUMIFS(INDEX(data, , 3), INDEX(data, , 1), uniqueNames, INDEX(data, , 2), criteria),
    sortedNames, INDEX(uniqueNames, MATCH(LARGE(totals, SEQUENCE(topN)), totals, 0)),
    sortedTotals, INDEX(totals, MATCH(LARGE(totals, SEQUENCE(topN)), totals, 0)),
    HSTACK(SEQUENCE(topN), sortedNames, sortedTotals)
)

Now to the important part, what is going on here: First we define the range of the data (as mentioned above), which we call data. Next, we define the criteria according to which we want to filter the data, e.g., "f" as well as the number of observations called topN that we want to return. I used here the top 3 for expositional purposes, but this can be changed flexibly.

Next, we filter the data based on the criteria defined from our data and extract the uniqueNames, which we need to aggregate the totals and return the correct data in the end. The next step is a simple SUMIFS() statement to aggregate the totals for each unique name based on which we decide if it is included in the topN or not. Once we obtained the totals, we can use this information to extract both the names and the totals that are part of the topN. Basically, here we obtain the row index for the INDEX() function by matching the totals using a combination of MATCH(), LARGE() and SEQUENCE(). The same idea applies to returning the aggregate totals. The final step is to return the rank, as well as the obtained names and totals in a table like structure. For this purpose, we use the HSTACK() function to horizontally stack multiple arrays.

The output for top 3 with criteria "f" is as follows:

The output for top 3 with criteria "m" is as follows:

Case 2: Returning Maximum Totals (based on comment)

In case you want to return maximum totals, you need to slightly adjust the LET() statement because you also need to compute the maxTotals. The adjusted formula put in practice looks as follows:

=LET(
    data, $A$1:$C$15,
    criteria, "f",
    topN, 3,
    filteredData, FILTER(data, INDEX(data, , 2) = criteria),
    uniqueNames, UNIQUE(INDEX(filteredData, , 1)),
    totals, SUMIFS(INDEX(data, , 3), INDEX(data, , 1), uniqueNames, INDEX(data, , 2), criteria),
    maxTotals,MAXIFS(INDEX(data,,3),INDEX(data,,1),uniqueNames,INDEX(data,,2),criteria),
    sortedNames, INDEX(uniqueNames, MATCH(LARGE(totals, SEQUENCE(topN)), totals, 0)),
    sortedTotals, INDEX(maxTotals, MATCH(LARGE(totals, SEQUENCE(topN)), totals, 0)),
    HSTACK(SEQUENCE(topN), sortedNames, sortedTotals)
)

This LET() statement has basically two adjustments. The first is the additional computation of maxTotals, which simply uses the MAXIFS() instead of the SUMIFS(). The SUMIFS() is also in this case required, because you make the decision based on the aggregate totals. The second adjustment in this statement is in the line of sortedTotals because you want to return not the totals but the maxTotals. All other aspects remain the same.

The output for top 3 with criteria "f" is as follows:

The output for top 3 with criteria "m" is as follows:

Additional explanations:

In case you want to return any intermediate step rather than the final result to trace whats going on, you can change in the LET() statement the line of HSTACK() as follows to return, e.g., the sortedNames:

    result, HSTACK(SEQUENCE(topN),sortedNames, sortedTotals),
    sortedNames