You have to move the input.next() inside of the loop and I would recommand to use a while instead of a for loop:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
    String secret = "Please", guess = "";

    System.out.print("Secret word?");

    while (!guess.equals(secret)) {
        guess = input.next();

        if (guess.equals(secret)) {
            System.out.println("enter");
        } else {
            System.out.println("try again");
        }
    }
}

Easy with do-while:

Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
int startr, endr;
boolean good = false;
do
{
  System.out.println("Enter the Starting Number of the Range: ");
  startr = keyboard.nextInt();
  if(startr % 10 == 0 && startr >= 0)
    good = true;
  else
    System.out.println("Numbers is not divisible by 10");
}
while (!good);

good = false;
do
{
    System.out.println("Enter the Ending Number of the Range: ");
    endr = keyboard.nextInt();
    if(endr % 10 == 0 && endr <= 1000)
      good = true;
    else
      System.out.println("Numbers is not divisible by 10");
}
while (!good);

// do stuff

You are seeing outputs for each input because you call main recursively. If you immediately type a correct int, the flow is this:

main
  ask for input -> int
  print i (1)

But in your case the input is not an int. This is what happens: you type the first input, it fails. You do not print yet because you first call main again, asking for the next input. Only when you get a correct int you print, and then finish and allow the previous main-execution to finish by printing, which then allows the previous... and so on:

main(args)
    ask for input -> a !int
    main(args)
        ask for input -> d !int
        main(args)
            ask for input -> 2.0 !int
            main(args)
                ask for input -> 1 int
                print 1 (1)
            print 0 (2.0)
        print 0 (d)
    print 0 (a)

Look at Ravi's answer for a proper way to repeatedly ask for input without using try/catch (which is discouraged).

but here I want to loop until valid value is entered

Since you want to continuously receive a value until it is valid. It is an obvious hint you need to enclose your prompting of input within your loop:

System.out.println("enter a number");  
int a=sc.nextInt(); 

while(!validateValue(a)){                   //so long value is invalid, repeat.
    System.out.println("enter a number");  
    a=sc.nextInt();                         //prompt for input
}
System.out.println("valid value");

But if I were you, I will use a do-while loop, so we do not have to prompt for input twice.

do{                   
    System.out.println("enter a number");  
    a=sc.nextInt();                         
}while(!validateValue(a));
System.out.println("valid value");

Start by assuming the input is valid (and set valid to true on every iteration of the loop). Only set valid to false when you encounter an exception (hopefully the one you raised).

do {
    valid = true;
    try {
        System.out.println("Enter wall height (feet): ");
        wallHeight = scnr.nextDouble();
        if (wallHeight <= 0) {
            throw new Exception("Invalid Input");
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        valid = false;
        System.out.println("Invalid Input");
    }
} while (!valid);

Note that you do not appear to need an exception here, as

do {
    valid = true;
    System.out.println("Enter wall height (feet): ");
    wallHeight = scnr.nextDouble();
    if (wallHeight <= 0) {
        System.out.println("Invalid Input");
        valid = false;
    }
} while (!valid);

would also work. Of course, that assumes the user only inputs valid double(s). If you need handle arbitrary input, you should check that there is a double before you attempt to consume it (and you must consume anything that isn't a double or you have an infinite loop). Like,

do {
    valid = true;
    System.out.println("Enter wall height (feet): ");
    if (scnr.hasNextDouble()) {
        wallHeight = scnr.nextDouble();
        if (wallHeight <= 0) {
            System.out.println("Invalid Input");
            valid = false;
        }
    } else {
        System.out.println("Invalid Input " + scnr.nextLine());
        valid = false;
    }
} while (!valid);

At a very simple level, I'd use a do-while loop, as you want to enter the loop at least once. I'd then determine the validity of the input, using a boolean flag and make further determinations based on that, for example...

Scanner myScan = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean userInputCorrect = false;
String food = null;
do {
    System.out.println("Enter food");
    food = myScan.nextLine();
    userInputCorrect = food.equalsIgnoreCase("b") || food.equalsIgnoreCase("e") || food.equalsIgnoreCase("exit");
    if (!userInputCorrect) {
        System.out.println("Error");
    }
} while (!userInputCorrect);
System.out.println("You selected " + food);

An expanded solution might use some kind of valid method, into which I can pass the String and have it validate the input based on known values, but that's probably a little beyond the scope of the question

As has been, correctly, pointed out but others, it would be more efficient to convert the input to lowercase once and compare all the values, in this case, it might be better to use a switch statement...

Scanner myScan = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean userInputCorrect = false;
String food = null;
do {
    System.out.println("Enter food");
    food = myScan.nextLine();
    switch (food.toLowerCase()) {
        case "b":
        case "e":
        case "exit":
            userInputCorrect = true;
            break;
        default:
            System.out.println("Error");
    }
} while (!userInputCorrect);
System.out.println("You selected " + food);

But you could also do...

food = myScan.nextLine().toLowerCase();
userInputCorrect = food.equals("b") || food.equals("e") || food.equals("exit");

Use a while loop above input line as:

 while(true)

And, use if condition to break.

if(year == 0)
    break;

Also, condition for leap year is wrong in your code. It should be:

if((year % 100 == 0 && year % 400 == 0) || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0))
    //its a leap year
else
    //its not

PS: As in comments, I'll give a complete code:

import java.util.*;

public class Task10 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("Enter a year to check if it is a leap year");
    while(true){
    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        int year = input.nextInt();
        if(year == 0)
            break;
        if((year % 100 == 0 && year % 400 == 0) || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0))
            System.out.println(year + " is a leap year");
        else
            System.out.println(year + " is not a leap year");
    }
}

}

You should compare with String equals

while (!loopChoice.equals("Y") && !loopChoice.equals("N"))

Also, replace the or operator with and operator

You should have an else case:

if(playerValue > 10 && playerValue < 21){

            System.out.println("Players Value so far " + playerValue + ", Do you want to draw another card? Y/N");
            //  input a y or n answer
            decision = sob.next();

            if(decision.equalsIgnoreCase("Y")){
                continue;

            }else if(decision.equalsIgnoreCase("N")){
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                 //whatever you want to happen if they don't enter either y or n
            }

        }
    }

Maybe in the else have another loop that says please enter a valid input and keep looping until they give a valid input...

In general, use break inside a while loop is considered a bad practice. You should have something like this

public static void main(String[] args) {

    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

    int number;
    int minimum = 5;
    int maximum = 15;

    do{
        System.out.print("Enter a number between" + " " + minimum + " " + "and" + " " + maximum + ":" );
        number = input.nextInt();
        if (number < minimum || number > maximum) 
            System.out.print("Sorry, invalid");
    } while (number < minimum || number > maximum); 

}