You almost certainly don't need to call htons and then copy the 2 bytes into a buffer—see Keith's answer for why.

However, if you do need to do this (maybe you're crafting IP packets to compare to captured wire packets as a test or something?), you can.

First, if you're using a bytearray (or anything else that meets the writable buffer protocol), you just use normal list-style slice assignment:

# like C's memcpy(buf+i, foo, 2)
buf[i:i+2] = foo

You don't have that two-byte string foo; you have a short integer. In C, you can turn that into a pointer to two bytes just by using the & operator to get its address, but Python can't do that. Fortunately, there's a standard library module called struct designed for exactly this kind of thing:

t = socket.htons(int(port))
buf[i:i+2] = struct.pack('h', t)

Or, because struct can handle endianness for you:

t = int(port)
buf[i:i+2] = struct.pack('!h', t)

However, often you don't even need the buffer copying; you can define the entire structure all at once inside struct. For example, if you're trying to pack an IP address and port into a 6-byte array, you could do this:

buf = bytearray(6)
i = 0
addrbytes = [int(part) for part in addr.split('.')]
buf[i:i+4] = struct.pack('4B', addrbytes[0], addrbytes[1], addrbytes[2], addrbytes[3])
i += 4
portshort = int(port)
buf[i:i+2] = struct.pack('!h', portshort)

But this is much simpler:

addrbytes = [int(part) for part in addr.split('.')]
portshort = int(port)
buf = struct.pack('!4Bh', addrbytes[0], addrbytes[1], addrbytes[2], addrbytes[3], portshort)

I've just defined a structure that's in network order, with four bytes followed by a short, and packed my data into it.

One last thing to mention: If you really want to deal with C-style variables using C-style code, the ctypes module is another option. It's made specifically for interacting with C code, so in general it's pretty low-level (and the only module in the standard library that lets you segfault your code), but it let you build some nice mid-level stuff that looks a little more like C:

class ADDRPORT(ctypes.BigEndianStructure):
    _fields_ = [("addr", ctypes.c_char*4),
                ("port", ctypes.c_short)]

addrport = ADDRPORT(addrbytes, portshort)

Since your C code is progressively filling up a buffer, rather than setting elements of a struct, this probably isn't what you want. But it's worth being aware of, because it probably will be what you want at some point.

I couldn't understand if part they do for integers. i < len/sizeof(long). Why is this calculation required ?

Because they are copying words, not individual bytes, in this case (as the comment says, it is an optimization - it requires less iterations and the CPU can handle word aligned data more efficiently).

len is the number of bytes to copy, and sizeof(long) is the size of a single word, so the number of elements to copy (means, loop iterations to execute) is len / sizeof(long).