JavaScript.info
javascript.info › tutorial › the javascript language › objects: the basics
Optional chaining '?.'
That’s why the optional chaining ?. was added to the language.
MDN Web Docs
developer.mozilla.org › en-US › docs › Web › JavaScript › Reference › Operators › Optional_chaining
Optional chaining (?.) - JavaScript | MDN
The optional chaining (?.) operator accesses an object's property or calls a function. If the object accessed or function called using this operator is undefined or null, the expression short circuits and evaluates to undefined instead of throwing an error.
Videos
06:27
Optional Chaining in JavaScript - YouTube
05:53
JavaScript Optional Chaining in 5 Minutes (No more "cannot read ...
09:17
Optional Chaining Operator (?.) in JavaScript - YouTube
13:13
Optional Chaining In JavaScript: Awesome. - YouTube
02:23
Optional Chaining (?.) In 2 Minutes - ES2020 - YouTube
00:18
JavaScript 101 - Chaînage optionnel (optional chaining) - YouTube
freeCodeCamp
freecodecamp.org › news › javascript-optional-chaining
How to Use Optional Chaining in JavaScript
February 7, 2022 - Optional chaining was introduced in ES2020. According to TC39 it is currently at stage 4 of the proposal process and is prepared for inclusion in the final ECMAScript standard.
freeCodeCamp
freecodecamp.org › news › javascript-optional-chaining-explained
JavaScript Optional Chaining `?.` Explained - How it Works and When to Use it
August 25, 2020 - What is optional chaining? Optional chaining, represented by ?. in JavaScript, is a new feature introduced in ES2020. Optional chaining changes the way properties are accessed from deeply nested objects.
freeCodeCamp
freecodecamp.org › news › optional-chaining-javascript
Optional Chaining in JavaScript – Explained with Examples
February 13, 2024 - ... Optional chaining, introduced in ECMAScript 2020, is a feature that simplifies the process of accessing properties and methods of nested objects or arrays when intermediate properties may be null or undefined.
Dmitri Pavlutin
dmitripavlutin.com › javascript-optional-chaining
How to Use JavaScript Optional Chaining
Starting from ES2015 and beyond, the features that influenced the most my code are destructuring, arrow functions, classes, and modules system. Optional chaining, as a part of ES2020, changes the way properties are accessed from deep objects ...
GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › javascript-optional-chaining
JavaScript Optional Chaining | GeeksforGeeks
May 17, 2025 - JavaScript Optional chaining is a new feature introduced in ES2020 that simplifies the process of accessing properties nested within objects, especially when dealing with potentially null or undefined values.
Medium
medium.com › @mfarazali › optional-chaining-operator-in-javascript-5866c8cecc68
Optional Chaining Operator (?.) in Javascript | by Muhammad Faraz Ali | Medium
March 14, 2024 - Optional Chaining Operator (?.) in Javascript Optional chaining is a powerful feature introduced in ECMAScript 2020 (ES11) that simplifies working with nested object properties and method calls. This …
DEV Community
dev.to › codeofrelevancy › javascripts-optional-chaining-operator-3pfn
JavaScript's Optional Chaining (?.) Operator - DEV Community
March 28, 2023 - In this article, we'll be exploring an exciting feature in JavaScript known as the Optional Chaining Operator (?.). This operator has been introduced in ECMAScript 2020 and has since become a staple in modern JavaScript development.
V8
v8.dev › features › optional-chaining
Optional chaining · V8
We could change name?.length to name.length. Then, if name were an empty string, we would still get the correct 0 length. That is because the empty string is a falsy value: it behaves like false in an if clause. The optional chaining operator fixes this common source of bugs.
Medium
medium.com › nerd-for-tech › using-the-optional-chaining-operator-in-javascript-aa56d19acef7
Using the optional chaining operator in JavaScript | by saransh kataria | Nerd For Tech | Medium
March 23, 2021 - Optional Chaining is in stage 4 of the ES2020 proposal, therefore should be added to the specification. It changes the way properties inside an object are accessed, especially the deeply nested ones.
TC39
tc39.es › proposal-optional-chaining
Optional Chaining
Optional chaining is forbidden in write contexts such as a?.b = c.
DEV Community
dev.to › arsalanmeee › optional-chaining-in-javascript-34kj
Optional Chaining in JavaScript - DEV Community
March 2, 2025 - Optional chaining (?.), introduced in ECMAScript 2020, revolutionizes how developers safely access nested properties in JavaScript.
Medium
medium.com › @ajithr116 › optional-chaining-in-javascript-21348de56ac0
optional chaining in javascript. Optional chaining in JavaScript is a… | by Ajith R | Medium
August 22, 2024 - Optional chaining in JavaScript is a powerful feature that allows developers to safely access deeply nested properties of an object without having to manually check for the existence of each level in the chain.
DEV Community
dev.to › laurieontech › optional-chaining-has-arrived-111l
Optional Chaining Has Arrived! - DEV Community
December 20, 2019 - The behaviour of the conditional ? true : false statement is predictable and would not be broken by changing the default object access syntax to be conditionally chained by default. obj?.property and obj.property both return the same when trying to access obj.property.thing so... Yeah... Don't get it. IMHO the JavaScript standards body is way to conservative in the way they modify and extend the standard... ... Great article! Coming from a Rails background, I've been really missing the .try method in JS. Happy to see it's finally landed. That said, it's difficult to discuss optional chaining without talking about the law of demeter, and exactly how much chaining is the right amount.
JavaScript Tutorial
javascripttutorial.net › home › javascript tutorial › javascript optional chaining operator
JavaScript Optional Chaining Operator (?.)
December 17, 2023 - To access a property of an object using the optional chaining operator, you use one of the following: objectName ?. propertyName objectName ?. [expression]Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
Leomofthings
leomofthings.com › blog › optional-chaining-operator-in-javascript
Optional-Chaining Operator (`?.`) in JavaScript - Ayodele Aransiola
July 5, 2025 - Practically, accessing properties in the response might result in a null/undefined check, which makes the code less predictable. The optional-chaining operator (?.), introduced in ES2020, changes this challenge by letting you express a condition that “if this exists, then proceed, otherwise ...
Top answer 1 of 5
162
Optional chaining is currently not supported in Node.js version 13 and below. It will be supported from Node.js version 14 and most of the browsers as it is moved to Stage 4. Currently, few platforms are supporting it. You can find the list of platforms supporting optional chaining in the given link. You can enable optional using --harmony flag.
2 of 5
28
The spec for the optional chaining feature was just promoted to Stage 4 (Finished) on December 22, 2019. Node 12 came out before the spec was final - and so did Node 13, for that matter.
According to node.green, optional chaining will be supported starting with Node 14, but will still require the --harmony flag. (This seems to conflict with Node's description of the --harmony flag - V8's shipping features aren't supposed to require the flag - so I'm not sure what to make of that.) Still, whether it needs a flag or not, I wouldn't expect to see the feature until the Node 14 release around April 2020.
If you want to play with optional chaining today, your best bet is to use TypeScript (which added optional chaining in version 3.7) or a preprocessor like Babel.
DEV Community
dev.to › ahmetkapusuz › what-is-optional-chaining-in-javascript-52ik
What is Optional Chaining in JavaScript? - DEV Community
December 13, 2019 - At the time of writing this blog post, optional chaining is reached stage4 in TC39 proposals and probably will be included in ES2020. Optional chaining is a new feature that can make your JavaScript code look more clear.
DEV Community
dev.to › thatgalnatalie › optional-chaining-in-javascript-the-introduction-4a4h
Optional Chaining in JavaScript: The Introduction - DEV Community
June 27, 2020 - Okay, the last two examples are less error-prone but it doesn't exactly help readability so let's introduce optional chaining, shall we. The problems have been presented so let's use the alternative to refactor the first example. ... It is characterized by the ?. operator and if db, student, or name is undefined then it won't throw an error, instead, nameLength will just be undefined. ... In JavaScript, it will evaluate from left to right and if it finds a truthy value then it will "short-circuit" and not even look at the second operand.