Based on @ford04 comments, I could use a conditional dependency on useEffect

It however goes at the cost of having a warning

** In this example it doesn't feel logical to execute always the hook without an access being granted, but its only use is to show that a conditional dependency in useEffect is possible (which I didn't know)

import React, { useEffect, useState, createContext, useContext } from "react";
import "./styles.css";

const AuthContext = createContext(null);
const useAuth = () => useContext(AuthContext);
const useAuthProvider = () => {
  const [access, setAccess] = useState(0);
  return { access, setAccess };
};

const useExample = withoutAuth => {
  const auth = useAuth();
  const [content, setContent] = useState("");

  useEffect(() => {
    console.log(auth);
    console.log(!withoutAuth);
    if (auth && !auth.access && !withoutAuth) return;
    setContent("fetched content");
    console.log("done"); // this is executed always, regardless of auth

    // even uselesser code
  }, [withoutAuth ? null : auth]);

  return [content];
};

const Button = () => {
  const auth = useAuth();
  return (
    <button
      onClick={() => {
        auth.setAccess(1);
      }}
    >
      Fetch
    </button>
  );
};

const Content = () => {
  const auth = useAuth();
  const [content] = useExample(1); // here I say NOT to implement auth
  return <h2>{(auth && auth.access && content) || "restricted"}</h2>;
};

export default function App() {
  const authProvider = useAuthProvider();

  return (
    <AuthContext.Provider value={authProvider}>
      <div className="App">
        <h1>Hello CodeSandbox</h1>
        <Button />
        <Content />
      </div>
    </AuthContext.Provider>
  );
}

https://codesandbox.io/s/competent-currying-jcenj?file=/src/App.js

You can pass JSON.stringify(outcomes) as the dependency list:

Read more here

useEffect(() => {
  console.log(outcomes)
}, [JSON.stringify(outcomes)])