Statistics LibreTexts
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9: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample - Statistics LibreTexts
July 29, 2023 - Draw a graph, calculate the test statistic, and use the test statistic to calculate the p-value. (A z-score and a t-score are examples of test statistics.) Compare the preconceived α with the p-value, make a decision (reject or do not reject H0), and write a clear conclusion. 9.7: Hypothesis Testing of a Single Mean and Single Proportion (Worksheet)
What is a hypothesis?
A hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, you might have to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of your research question. · A hypothesis is not just a guess — it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).
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Hypothesis Testing | A Step-by-Step Guide with Easy Examples
What is hypothesis testing?
Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is used by scientists to test specific predictions, called hypotheses, by calculating how likely it is that a pattern or relationship between variables could have arisen by chance.
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Hypothesis Testing | A Step-by-Step Guide with Easy Examples
What are null and alternative hypotheses?
Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.
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Hypothesis Testing | A Step-by-Step Guide with Easy Examples
Videos
Helpful Professor
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15 Hypothesis Examples (2025)
September 8, 2023 - In my types of hypothesis article, I outlined 13 different hypotheses, including the directional hypothesis (which makes a prediction about an effect of a treatment will be positive or negative) and the associative hypothesis (which makes a prediction about the association between two variables). This article will dive into some interesting examples of hypotheses and examine potential ways you might test each one.
Probability Course
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Hypothesis Testing for the Mean
Example The average adult male height in a certain country is $170$ cm. We suspect that the men in a certain city in that country might have a different average height due to some environmental factors. We pick a random sample of size $9$ from the adult males in the city and obtain the following values for their heights (in cm): \begin{equation} 176.2 \quad 157.9 \quad 160.1 \quad 180.9 \quad 165.1 \quad 167.2 \quad 162.9 \quad 155.7 \quad 166.2 \end{equation} Assume that the height distribution in this population is normally distributed.
YourDictionary
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Hypothesis Examples: Different Types in Science and Research | YourDictionary
September 24, 2021 - If the null hypothesis is not rejected, ... hypothesis will not be accepted. Some examples of alternative hypotheses are: A person’s health improves during the times when they drink green tea only, as opposed to root beer only. Work habits improve during the times when one gets 8 hours of sleep only, as opposed to 9 hours of sleep ...
ThoughtCo
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Do You Know What Makes a Good Hypothesis? Here's Some Examples
August 17, 2024 - If you get at least 6 hours of sleep, you will do better on tests than if you get less sleep. If you drop a ball, it will fall toward the ground. If you drink coffee before going to bed, then it will take longer to fall asleep. If you cover a wound with a bandage, then it will heal with less scarring. You may wish to revise your first hypothesis to make it easier to design an experiment to test. For example, let's say you have a bad breakout the morning after eating a lot of greasy food.
Simple Book Publishing
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Chapter 9 Hypothesis testing – Introduction To Statistics For The Social Sciences
If we expect a specific direction of change/differences/relationships, which we call a directional hypothesis, then our alternative hypothesis takes the form based on the research question itself. One would expect a decrease in depression from taking an anti-depressant as a specific directional hypothesis. Or the direction could be larger, where for example, one might expect an increase in exam scores after completing a student success exam preparation module.
Indeed
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7 Examples of a Hypothesis To Inform Your Research | Indeed.com
August 16, 2024 - In this article, we explain what a hypothesis is and list seven example hypotheses to help you interpret different events in your career. A hypothesis is a potential explanation for an event based on existing knowledge and observation. You can also use a hypothesis to determine the relationship between two or more variables. A detailed hypothesis usually includes both a dependent and an independent variable. The independent variable is the aspect of the situation that changes in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the predicted outcome that results from the independent variable.
GeeksforGeeks
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Hypothesis Testing - GeeksforGeeks
With degrees of freedom = 9, p-value ≈ 0.0000085 (very small). Since the p-value (8.538051223166285e-06) is less than the significance level (0.05) the researchers reject the null hypothesis.
Published July 28, 2025
Sacramento State
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9. Hypothesis Testing
9. Hypothesis Testing [ Home ] [ Up ] [ CHISQUARENORMALTEST.NB ] · In hypothesis testing a decision between two alternatives, one of which is called the null hypothesis and the other the alternative hypothesis, must be made. As an example, suppose you are asked to decide whether a coin is ...
Applied Mathematics
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9 Hypothesis Tests (Ch 9.1-9.3, 9.5-9.9)
Example: The Brinell scale is a measure of how hard a · material is. An engineer hypothesizes that the mean Brinell
Scribbr
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How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples
January 16, 2025 - If there are any control variables, ... research bias will affect your results. Example: HypothesisDaily exposure to the sun leads to increased levels of happiness....
Verywell Mind
verywellmind.com › what-is-a-hypothesis-2795239
Hypothesis: Definition, Examples, and Types
October 30, 2025 - So a researcher might hypothesize: "People with high-stress levels will be more likely to contract a common cold after being exposed to the virus than people who have low-stress levels." In other instances, researchers might look at commonly held beliefs or folk wisdom. "Birds of a feather flock together" is one example of folk adage that a psychologist might try to investigate.
Pearson
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Steps in Hypothesis Testing Explained: Definition, Examples, Practice & Video Lessons
January 8, 2025 - Keywords in the problem statement, such as "greater than," "less than," or "not equal to," help determine the appropriate relational symbol for the alternative hypothesis. For example, if a business journal seeks to estimate the percentage of companies with female CEOs and aims to prove that this percentage is greater than 20%, the null hypothesis would be \( H_0: p = 0.20 \), while the alternative hypothesis would be \( H_a: p > 0.20 \).