The <=> ("Spaceship") operator will offer combined comparison in that it will :
Return 0 if values on either side are equal
Return 1 if the value on the left is greater
Return -1 if the value on the right is greater
The rules used by the combined comparison operator are the same as the currently used comparison operators by PHP viz. <, <=, ==, >= and >. Those who are from Perl or Ruby programming background may already be familiar with this new operator proposed for PHP7.
//Comparing Integers
echo 1 <=> 1; //output 0
echo 3 <=> 4; //output -1
echo 4 <=> 3; //output 1
//String Comparison
echo "x" <=> "x"; //output 0
echo "x" <=> "y"; //output -1
echo "y" <=> "x"; //output 1
When you compare a string this way, it will go from left to right, and compare each character in the given string to see if they are different, until it finds a difference, then it will decide which string is bigger by comparing the ASCII value of this last character.
Answer from GreenROBO on Stack OverflowThe <=> ("Spaceship") operator will offer combined comparison in that it will :
Return 0 if values on either side are equal
Return 1 if the value on the left is greater
Return -1 if the value on the right is greater
The rules used by the combined comparison operator are the same as the currently used comparison operators by PHP viz. <, <=, ==, >= and >. Those who are from Perl or Ruby programming background may already be familiar with this new operator proposed for PHP7.
//Comparing Integers
echo 1 <=> 1; //output 0
echo 3 <=> 4; //output -1
echo 4 <=> 3; //output 1
//String Comparison
echo "x" <=> "x"; //output 0
echo "x" <=> "y"; //output -1
echo "y" <=> "x"; //output 1
When you compare a string this way, it will go from left to right, and compare each character in the given string to see if they are different, until it finds a difference, then it will decide which string is bigger by comparing the ASCII value of this last character.
According to the RFC that introduced the operator, $a <=> $b evaluates to:
- 0 if
b - -1 if
b - 1 if
b
which seems to be the case in practice in every scenario I've tried, although strictly the official docs only offer the slightly weaker guarantee that $a <=> $b will return
an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero when
$ais respectively less than, equal to, or greater than$b
Regardless, why would you want such an operator? Again, the RFC addresses this - it's pretty much entirely to make it more convenient to write comparison functions for usort (and the similar uasort and uksort).
usort takes an array to sort as its first argument, and a user-defined comparison function as its second argument. It uses that comparison function to determine which of a pair of elements from the array is greater. The comparison function needs to return:
an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the first argument is considered to be respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
The spaceship operator makes this succinct and convenient:
$things = [
[
'foo' => 5.5,
'bar' => 'abc'
],
[
'foo' => 7.7,
'bar' => 'xyz'
],
[
'foo' => 2.2,
'bar' => 'efg'
]
];
// Sort $things by 'foo' property, ascending
usort($things, function (
b) {
return 
b['foo'];
});
// Sort $things by 'bar' property, descending
usort($things, function (
b) {
return 
a['bar'];
});
More examples of comparison functions written using the spaceship operator can be found in the Usefulness section of the RFC.