A "file" isn't a Java object (and java.io.File definitely isn't a singleton). I wouldn't think of files on disk as a singleton either - they're just shared resources. In particular, it's not like there's only one file on disk :)

A more common example of the singleton pattern is configuration - or logging. For example, LogManager.getLogManager returns "the" LogManager, and you can't create new ones. Likewise you might have one common configuration object which can be accessed statically. (In a dependency injected system the configuration may well not be a singleton, however - instead each component is provided the bits of configuration they need so that they don't have to fetch a "common" one.)

Answer from Jon Skeet on Stack Overflow
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › java › singleton-class-java
Singleton Method Design Pattern in Java - GeeksforGeeks
Implementation: Let us briefly how the singleton class varies from the normal class in Java. Here, the difference is in terms of instantiation as for normal class we use a constructor, whereas for singleton class we use the getInstance() method which we will be peeking out in example 1 as depicted below.
Published   July 23, 2025
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DigitalOcean
digitalocean.com › community › tutorials › java-singleton-design-pattern-best-practices-examples
Java Singleton Pattern: Best Practices & Examples | DigitalOcean
November 5, 2022 - Prior to Java 5, the Java memory model had a lot of issues, and the previous approaches used to fail in certain scenarios where too many threads tried to get the instance of the singleton class simultaneously. So Bill Pugh came up with a different approach to create the singleton class using an inner static helper class. Here is an example of the Bill Pugh Singleton implementation:
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Can I use Enum for implementing Singleton?
You can use an Enum to implement the singleton pattern in Java. Enum values are inherently single instances by design, making them a straightforward and thread-safe way to create Singleton objects.  Here's an example of how you can achieve this:
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simplilearn.com
simplilearn.com › home › resources › software development › java tutorial for beginners › java singleton class: benefits & implementation
Java Singleton Class: A Complete Guide
Can a Singleton class be subclassed?
Yes, it is possible. But it can lead to many complications. Each Subclass would have its instance. It will break the intended single-instance behavior. The Subclass should handle initialization and constructor access differently, potentially affecting the singleton pattern's purpose.
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simplilearn.com
simplilearn.com › home › resources › software development › java tutorial for beginners › java singleton class: benefits & implementation
Java Singleton Class: A Complete Guide
How does serialization affect Singleton?
Serialization can affect the behavior of Singleton classes in Java. When a Singleton class is serialized and then deserialized, it can create multiple instances, violating the Singleton pattern's goal of having only one instance.
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simplilearn.com
simplilearn.com › home › resources › software development › java tutorial for beginners › java singleton class: benefits & implementation
Java Singleton Class: A Complete Guide
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Baeldung
baeldung.com › home › java › core java › singletons in java
Singletons in Java | Baeldung
October 23, 2025 - In the absence of synchronization, there’s a possibility that two threads interleave their executions in such a way that the expression INSTANCE == null evaluates to true for both threads, and as a result, two instances of ClassSingleton get created. Synchronization might significantly affect the performance. If this code gets invoked often, we should speed it up using various techniques like lazy initialization or double-checked locking (be aware that this might not work as expected due to compiler optimizations). We can see more details in our article “Double-Checked Locking with Singleton.”
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Tutorialspoint
tutorialspoint.com › java › java_singleton_class.htm
Java - Singleton Class
Following implementation shows a classic Singleton design pattern. In this example, the ClassicSingleton class maintains a static reference to the lone singleton instance and returns that reference from the static getInstance() method.
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Programiz
programiz.com › java-programming › singleton
Example: Java Singleton Class Syntax
To create a singleton class, a class must implement the following properties: Create a private constructor of the class to restrict object creation outside of the class. Create a private attribute of the class type that refers to the single object. Create a public static method that allows ...
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Refactoring.Guru
refactoring.guru › home › design patterns › singleton › java
Singleton in Java / Design Patterns
January 1, 2026 - Despite this, there are quite a lot of Singleton examples in Java core libraries: ... Identification: Singleton can be recognized by a static creation method, which returns the same cached object. It’s pretty easy to implement a sloppy Singleton. You just need to hide the constructor and implement a static creation method. package refactoring_guru.singleton.example.non_thread_safe; public final class Singleton { private static Singleton instance; public String value; private Singleton(String value) { // The following code emulates slow initialization.
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JavaTechOnline
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Singleton Class In Java With Examples: A Comprehensive Guide - JavaTechOnline
August 31, 2025 - Bill Pugh’s Singleton, also known as the Initialization on Demand Holder (IODH), is a thread-safe and efficient way to implement the Singleton class in Java. This pattern uses a static inner class to hold the Singleton instance and initializes it on demand, ensuring lazy initialization. As shown in the example below, the private constructor prevents instantiation of the Singleton class from outside.
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1 of 7
4

A "file" isn't a Java object (and java.io.File definitely isn't a singleton). I wouldn't think of files on disk as a singleton either - they're just shared resources. In particular, it's not like there's only one file on disk :)

A more common example of the singleton pattern is configuration - or logging. For example, LogManager.getLogManager returns "the" LogManager, and you can't create new ones. Likewise you might have one common configuration object which can be accessed statically. (In a dependency injected system the configuration may well not be a singleton, however - instead each component is provided the bits of configuration they need so that they don't have to fetch a "common" one.)

2 of 7
1

Yes, but only if all threads access the same file, and you are using a custom implementation (not java.io.File, perhaps a wrapper)

the singleton pattern is a design pattern that is used to restrict instantiation of a class to one object

Singletons (being often a bad choice) are classes that can have only one instance throughout the whole program.

For example a SingletonConfigFile might look like this. Have in mind that:

  • it is for reading one file only. It would make sense for this to be a config file.
  • if your class can be instantiated more than once, for different files, it is not singleton.
  • don't use this code - it doesn't take into account concurrency problems which are a whole different area of discussion.

.

public SingletonConfigFile {
   private static String filename = "config.xml";
   private File file;
   private static SingletonConfigFile instance;

   private SingletonConfigFile() {
       if (instance != null) {
           throw new Error();
       }
       file = new File(filename);
   }

   public synchronized SingletonConfigFile getInstance() {
      if (instance == null) {
          instance = new SignletonConfigFile();
      }
      return instance
   }

   public String read() {
       // delegate to the underlying java.io.File
   }
}

But this example is on the edge of sense. Singletons are used in cases when there is only one object (as I stated above). For example it would make sense to have:

  • RingOfPower.getInstance() - there is only one ring of power (Sauron's), and there can't exist more.
  • Sun.getInstance() - only one star called "sun".
  • all objects in the withing of your application that logically should exist only once - a registry, an application context, etc.
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › system design › singleton-design-pattern
Singleton Method Design Pattern - GeeksforGeeks
In Java, a Singleton can be implemented using a static inner class. A class is loaded into memory only once by the JVM. An inner class is loaded only when it is referenced. Therefore, the Singleton instance is created lazily, only when the getInstance() method accesses the inner class. Example: using class loading concep singleton design pattern
Published   2 days ago
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Simplilearn
simplilearn.com › home › resources › software development › java tutorial for beginners › java singleton class: benefits & implementation
Java Singleton Class: A Complete Guide
July 31, 2025 - A Java Singleton class ensures only one instance of a class at a time. Learn how to implement this design pattern in object-oriented programming.
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Singleton_pattern
Singleton pattern - Wikipedia
2 days ago - A singleton implementation may use lazy initialization in which the instance is created when the static method is first invoked. In multithreaded programs, this can cause race conditions that result in the creation of multiple instances. The following Java 5+ example is a thread-safe implementation, using lazy initialization with double-checked locking. public class Singleton { private static volatile Singleton instance = null; private Singleton() {} public static Singleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { synchronized (Singleton.class) { if (instance == null) { instance = new Singleton(); } } } return instance; } }
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Oracle
oracle.com › java › technical details
When is a Singleton not a Singleton?
I hope that in the process you will learn about classloading, multithreading, distributed systems, Design Patterns, and other interesting topics, as I did. There are a few ways to implement Singletons. Although you can get Singleton-like behavior with static fields and methods [for example, java.lang.Math.sin(double)], you gain more flexibility by creating an instance.
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Medium
medium.com › @thecodebean › singleton-design-pattern-implementation-in-java-1fba4ecc959f
Singleton Design Pattern: Implementation in Java
September 29, 2023 - Let’s see how this works in Java with a practical example. The first step in creating a Singleton is to make the constructor of the class private.
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Tutorialspoint
tutorialspoint.com › java › java_using_singleton.htm
Java - How to Use Singleton Class?
February 24, 2020 - Following implementation shows a classic Singleton design pattern. In this example, the ClassicSingleton class maintains a static reference to the lone singleton instance and returns that reference from the static getInstance() method.
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HowToDoInJava
howtodoinjava.com › home › design patterns › creational › singleton
Singleton Pattern (with Example)
November 5, 2024 - Let’s see the possible solutions to create singleton objects in Java. This is a solution where an instance of a class is created much before it is actually required.
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DZone
dzone.com › coding › java › singleton: 6 ways to write and use in java programming
Singleton: 6 Ways To Write and Use in Java Programming
April 9, 2024 - In Java programming, object creation or instantiation of a class is done with "new" operator and with a public constructor declared in the class as below. ... Clazz() is the default public constructor called with "new" operator to create or instantiate an object for Clazz class and assigned to variable clazz, whose type is Clazz. While creating a singleton, we have to ensure only one single object is created or only one instantiation of a class takes place.
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Refactoring.Guru
refactoring.guru › home › design patterns › creational patterns
Singleton
January 1, 2026 - The Singleton’s constructor should be hidden from the client code. Calling the getInstance method should be the only way of getting the Singleton object. In this example, the database connection class acts as a Singleton.
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Javatpoint
javatpoint.com › singleton-design-pattern-in-java
Singleton design pattern in Java
Singleton Design Patterns with Patterns, design, Creational Design, Abstract Factory Pattern, singleton design patterns, Adapter, Visitor Pattern, Template Pattern, Command Pattern, State Pattern, java etc.
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TechVidvan
techvidvan.com › tutorials › java-singleton-class
Singleton Class in Java - Implementation and Example - TechVidvan
April 11, 2020 - The memory space wastage does not occur with the use of singleton class because it restricts the instance creation. As the object creation will take place only once instead of creating it each time a new request is made. We can use this single object repeatedly as per the requirements. This is the reason why the multi-threaded and database applications mostly make use of the Singleton pattern in Java for caching, logging, thread pooling, configuration settings and much more. For example, there is a license with us, and we have only one database connection or suppose if our JDBC driver does not allow us to do multithreading, then Singleton class comes into the picture and makes sure that at a time, only a single connection or a single thread can access the connection.
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Medium
medium.com › @pratik.941 › understanding-the-singleton-design-pattern-in-java-a-beginners-guide-79d63a67a41a
Understanding the Singleton Design Pattern in Java: A Beginner’s Guide | by Pratik T | Medium
July 12, 2024 - In Java programming, the Singleton Design Pattern is a widely used pattern that ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to that instance. This pattern is particularly useful when exactly one object is needed to coordinate actions across a system.