There are plenty of ways to format Strings using external libraries. They add little to no benefit if the libraries are imported solely for the purpose of String formatting. Few examples: Apache Commons: StringSubstitutor, examples in its JavaDoc. More on stackoverflow.com

Here's what I have as a reference. Basically a summary of the Format Specification Mini-Language . This would all go after a : in the f-string curly braces. So if you want a float with 2 decimal place precision, with * as fill and right aligned in a field width of 10 characters you'd do f"{val:*>10.2f}" [[fill]align][sign][#][0][minimumwidth][.precision][type] Fill: Add a character to fill with. Must be followed by Align flag. Align: '<' - Forces the field to be left-aligned within the available space (This is the default.) '>' - Forces the field to be right-aligned within the available space. '=' - Forces the padding to be placed after the sign (if any) but before the digits. This is used for printing fields in the form '+000000120'. This alignment option is only valid for numeric types. '^' - Forces the field to be centered within the available space. Sign: '+' - indicates that a sign should be used for both positive as well as negative numbers '-' - indicates that a sign should be used only for negative numbers (this is the default behavior) ' ' - indicates that a leading space should be used on positive numbers #: Flags alternate numbering formats; binary, octal, and hexadecimal output will be prefixed with '0b', '0o', and '0x', respectively. 0: Zero-padding. Equivalent to fill '=' and character of '0' Minimumwidth: Min width of the field. Precision: Decimal places for floats or max field size for non-numeric types. Type: Integers: 'b' - Binary. Outputs the number in base 2. 'c' - Character. Converts the integer to the corresponding Unicode character before printing. 'd' - Decimal Integer. Outputs the number in base 10. 'o' - Octal format. Outputs the number in base 8. 'x' - Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using lower- case letters for the digits above 9. 'X' - Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using upper- case letters for the digits above 9. 'n' - Number. This is the same as 'd', except that it uses the current locale setting to insert the appropriate number separator characters. '' (None) - the same as 'd' Floats: 'e' - Exponent notation. Prints the number in scientific notation using the letter 'e' to indicate the exponent. 'E' - Exponent notation. Same as 'e' except it converts the number to uppercase. 'f' - Fixed point. Displays the number as a fixed-point number. 'F' - Fixed point. Same as 'f' except it converts the number to uppercase. 'g' - General format. This prints the number as a fixed-point number, unless the number is too large, in which case it switches to 'e' exponent notation. 'G' - General format. Same as 'g' except switches to 'E' if the number gets to large. 'n' - Number. This is the same as 'g', except that it uses the current locale setting to insert the appropriate number separator characters. '%' - Percentage. Multiplies the number by 100 and displays in fixed ('f') format, followed by a percent sign. '' (None) - similar to 'g', except that it prints at least one digit after the decimal point. More on reddit.com

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shit. I wish I had this 3 months ago with I was doing some changes to old ass C code and some bash scripts. More on reddit.com