2025 armed conflict in the Middle East
Factsheet
Iran–Israel war Part of the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
Belligerents
Israel
United States Iran
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Iran–Israel war Part of the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
Belligerents
Israel
United States Iran
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Iran–Israel_war
Iran–Israel war
9 hours ago - The latter Israeli strikes destroyed Iran's Russian-supplied defensive S-300 missile system, which Iran denied, paving the way for potential future Israeli strikes. Iran had consistently said that its nuclear program is solely for peaceful purposes and that it has never intended to develop nuclear weapons. However, since 2019, it had repeatedly violated the terms of the previous nuclear deal of 2015, and in June 2025 the IAEA reported that Iran had acquired enough enriched uranium to produce nine nuclear warheads.
Brookings
brookings.edu › home › the road to the israel-iran war
The road to the Israel-Iran war | Brookings
2 weeks ago - Israel and Hamas reach a ceasefire agreement; the initial stage involves the exchange of Israeli hostages held by Hamas for Palestinian prisoners by Israel and the surge of aid into Gaza. ... Trump returns to office in Washington. After winning the November 2024 presidential election, Trump again takes office in the White House. January 29 Ahmed al-Sharaa appointed president of Syria. The rebel leader formerly known by his nom de guerre, Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, is appointed president of Syria, formalizing his place as the country’s leader.
Videos
18:46
12-Day War: US, Israel, Iran, All Claim Victory - Who Really Won?
12:51
Can Israel Really Beat Iran? - YouTube
18:37
One month later, who won the Israel-Iran war and by how much? - ...
01:53:17
Remaking the Middle East: Israel vs. Iran (full documentary) | ...
22:34
ILTV INSIDER | Will Israel Confront Iran in 2026? - YouTube
The Guardian
theguardian.com › world › 2025 › jun › 24 › israel-us-and-iran-all-claim-to-have-won-the-war-but-who-has-really-gained
Israel, US and Iran all claim to have won the war, but who has really gained? | Iran | The Guardian
June 25, 2025 - Jeffrey Lewis, a CNS professor at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, said that if Iran did decide to make a dash for a bomb it would take about five months to make enough fissile material for a small nuclear arsenal. US intelligence agencies and the IAEA agree that before the Israeli attack, there was no sign that the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, had ordered the construction of a warhead. The risk posed by the Israeli and US bombing campaign is that it could now change his mind, finally persuading him that only a nuclear weapon can deter Iran’s enemies.
Reddit
reddit.com › r/askmiddleeast › if there was war between iran and israel who would win?
r/AskMiddleEast on Reddit: If there was war between Iran and Israel who would win?
June 1, 2025 -
Who would win if a war breaks out between Iran and Israel I think that Iran would destroy Israel there army is way more large and more advanced than Israel's and I think if you think otherwise you probably have not really seen Iran's army real size What are your thoughts?
Top answer 1 of 5
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TL;DR: Iran would absolutely devastate Israel in the first hour, Israel would nuke Iran, but Iran's 85 million people spread across a massive country would survive while Israel's 9 million in a tiny area wouldn't. It's not even close. The Reality Check Everyone's Missing People seriously underestimate Iran's missiles because of propaganda or ignorance. Iran now has the largest missile arsenal in the Middle East - over 3,000 hyper-sonic missiles, and their new stuff is genuinely terrifying. Iran's Hypersonic Game-Changers The Fattah missiles are absolutely insane: Mach 15 speed (that's 11,400 mph for context) Can maneuver in and out of the atmosphere - not like traditional missiles that just follow an arc, 1,400km range covers all of Israel easily October 2024 attack proved it works: 32+ missiles got through Israel's "impenetrable" defenses The Kheibar missile is even scarier - 1,500kg warhead (absolutely massive) with 2,000km range. Why Iron Dome is Useless Here This is the part that blows my mind. Iron Dome was built for Hamas's garage-made rockets, not hypersonic ballistic missiles. It's like bringing a fly swatter to stop bullets. Iron Dome: works on slow rockets under 70km range Iran's missiles: Mach 15, maneuverable, 1,400km range It's not even the same category of weapon David's Sling and Arrow systems are better but still can't handle missiles that change direction at hypersonic speeds. The Math is Brutal Even if Israel intercepts 90% (which they can't), that's still: 100 missiles getting through in a 1,000-missile attack Each missile = 500kg+ warhead hitting cities/military bases Israel is only 20,000 square kilometers - there's nowhere to hide The Nuclear Option Doesn't Save Israel Sure, Israel could nuke Iran, but then what? Iran: 1.6 million square kilometers, 85 million people, multiple major cities Israel: 20,000 square kilometers, 9 million people, basically all in a few cities Iran could lose 20 million people and still function. Israel loses Tel Aviv and it's game over. Plus Iran would still have thousands of missiles left to turn Israel into rubble even after getting nuked. Why Iran Doesn't Even Want This War Here's the crazy part - Iran is winning without fighting. They're just sitting back watching Israel, burn through money on endless conflicts, losing (lost) international support, dealing with internal problems and emigration that's not even to mention that Israel is facing manpower and munitions issues. If this "war" has shown us anything it's how inept and amateurish the IDF is. They're STILL after a year and a half of carpet bombing getting B!tch slapped by Hamas on the daily. Why start a war when your enemy is slowly destroying itself? The October Reality Check October 2024 wasn't some failed attack - it was Iran showing they can hit whatever they want in Israel. 32 direct hits on Israeli airbases including near F-35 hangars. That was Iran being gentle. In a real war, they'd launch 500+ missiles in the first wave. Israel's defense systems would be overwhelmed in minutes. Bottom Line This isn't about who has better pilots or tactics. It's pure physics and geography. Iran has missiles that can't be stopped hitting a country too small to absorb the damage. Israel's only real defense is that Iran doesn't actually want to fight this war. The scariest part? We already saw a preview in October, and Iran was clearly holding back. In a real conflict, it would be over before Israel could even respond effectively. Edit: For people saying "but Israel has nukes!" - yes, that's literally the point. Israel would have to use nukes because conventional defense is impossible. But using nukes against a country 80x your size with 9x your population is still losing, just slower.
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Hamas alone exhausted Israel, Israel is barely fighting only due to trillions from the west
Israel Hayom
israelhayom.com › home › commentary
Iran is already preparing for the next war with Israel
2 weeks ago - All of this, of course, made it possible for Israel, together with the US, to inflict serious damage on the enrichment facilities at Natanz and Fordow, as well as the conversion facility in Isfahan. However, these operational successes did not translate into a true strategic achievement, because from Tehran's perspective, Iran did not actually lose the war.
War on the Rocks
warontherocks.com › home › lessons observed from the war between israel and iran
Lessons Observed from the War Between Israel and Iran
July 16, 2025 - The war demonstrated that deterrence in modern warfare is no longer a static binary. It is fluid, multifaceted, and cumulative. Israel’s ability to deliver high-impact strikes while defending its population centers showcased a powerful deterrent capacity. However, Iran’s survival, retaliation, and proxy endurance highlight the difficulty of achieving strategic resolution through force alone.
ACLED
acleddata.com › qa › qa-twelve-days-shook-region-inside-iran-israel-war
Q&A | Twelve days that shook the region: Inside the Iran-Israel war | ACLED
Although the interception rate was reportedly around 80-90%,10 the sophistication of Iran’s missile arsenal posed a more lethal threat to Israel during these 12 days than in any previous phases since the start of the Gaza war: Rocket, missile, and drone fire from Gaza, Lebanon, and Yemen over more than 600 days resulted in just over 40 Israeli civilian deaths and over 3,000 injuries.11 While the war underscored the clear superiority of Israel’s military capabilities, it also revealed the country’s limitations when confronting a distant but powerful adversary. The Israel-Iran conflict is rooted not in territorial or ethnic disputes, but in ideological hostility dating back to Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution.