In Python 3.6 f-strings are introduced.
You can write like this
print (f"So, you're {age} old, {height} tall and {weight} heavy.")
For more information Refer: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html
Answer from Nithin R on Stack OverflowVideos
In Python 3.6 f-strings are introduced.
You can write like this
print (f"So, you're {age} old, {height} tall and {weight} heavy.")
For more information Refer: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html
You need to apply your formatting to the string, not to the return value of the print() function:
print("So, you're %r old, %r tall and %r heavy." % (
age, height, weight))
Note the position of the ) closing parentheses. If it helps you understand the difference, assign the result of the formatting operation to a variable first:
output = "So, you're %r old, %r tall and %r heavy." % (age, height, weight)
print(output)
You may find it easier to use str.format(), or, if you can upgrade to Python 3.6 or newer, formatted string literals, aka f-strings.
Use f-strings if you just need to format something on the spot to print or create a string for other reasons, str.format() to store the template string for re-use and then interpolate values. Both make it easier to not get confused about where print() starts and ends and where the formatting takes place.
In both f-strings and str.format(), use !r after the field to get the repr() output, just like %r would:
print("So, you're {age!r} old, {height!r} tall and {weight!r} heavy.")
or with a template with positional slots:
template = "So, you're {!r} old, {!r} tall and {!r} heavy."
print(template.format(age, height, weight)
The WHY: dates are objects
In Python, dates are objects. Therefore, when you manipulate them, you manipulate objects, not strings or timestamps.
Any object in Python has TWO string representations:
The regular representation that is used by
printcan be get using thestr()function. It is most of the time the most common human readable format and is used to ease display. Sostr(datetime.datetime(2008, 11, 22, 19, 53, 42))gives you'2008-11-22 19:53:42'.The alternative representation that is used to represent the object nature (as a data). It can be get using the
repr()function and is handy to know what kind of data your manipulating while you are developing or debugging.repr(datetime.datetime(2008, 11, 22, 19, 53, 42))gives you'datetime.datetime(2008, 11, 22, 19, 53, 42)'.
What happened is that when you have printed the date using print, it used str() so you could see a nice date string. But when you have printed mylist, you have printed a list of objects and Python tried to represent the set of data, using repr().
The How: what do you want to do with that?
Well, when you manipulate dates, keep using the date objects all long the way. They got thousand of useful methods and most of the Python API expect dates to be objects.
When you want to display them, just use str(). In Python, the good practice is to explicitly cast everything. So just when it's time to print, get a string representation of your date using str(date).
One last thing. When you tried to print the dates, you printed mylist. If you want to print a date, you must print the date objects, not their container (the list).
E.G, you want to print all the date in a list :
for date in mylist :
print str(date)
Note that in that specific case, you can even omit str() because print will use it for you. But it should not become a habit :-)
Practical case, using your code
import datetime
mylist = []
today = datetime.date.today()
mylist.append(today)
print mylist[0] # print the date object, not the container ;-)
2008-11-22
# It's better to always use str() because :
print "This is a new day : ", mylist[0] # will work
>>> This is a new day : 2008-11-22
print "This is a new day : " + mylist[0] # will crash
>>> cannot concatenate 'str' and 'datetime.date' objects
print "This is a new day : " + str(mylist[0])
>>> This is a new day : 2008-11-22
Advanced date formatting
Dates have a default representation, but you may want to print them in a specific format. In that case, you can get a custom string representation using the strftime() method.
strftime() expects a string pattern explaining how you want to format your date.
E.G :
print today.strftime('We are the %d, %b %Y')
>>> 'We are the 22, Nov 2008'
All the letter after a "%" represent a format for something:
%dis the day number (2 digits, prefixed with leading zero's if necessary)%mis the month number (2 digits, prefixed with leading zero's if necessary)%bis the month abbreviation (3 letters)%Bis the month name in full (letters)%yis the year number abbreviated (last 2 digits)%Yis the year number full (4 digits)
etc.
Have a look at the official documentation, or McCutchen's quick reference you can't know them all.
Since PEP3101, every object can have its own format used automatically by the method format of any string. In the case of the datetime, the format is the same used in strftime. So you can do the same as above like this:
print "We are the {:%d, %b %Y}".format(today)
>>> 'We are the 22, Nov 2008'
The advantage of this form is that you can also convert other objects at the same time.
With the introduction of Formatted string literals (since Python 3.6, 2016-12-23) this can be written as
import datetime
f"{datetime.datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d}"
>>> '2017-06-15'
Localization
Dates can automatically adapt to the local language and culture if you use them the right way, but it's a bit complicated. Maybe for another question on SO(Stack Overflow) ;-)
import datetime
print datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
Edit:
After Cees' suggestion, I have started using time as well:
import time
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")