Maybe simple...

sudo apt-get install gcc

... could be enough?

You need to update your system:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install gcc

Sorry I can't comment yet.

But I must point out that the original ln command is incorrect, which creates an incorrect relative link usr/bin/gcc-4.8 under /usr/bin/

Correct command is

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 /usr/bin/gcc

or

sudo ln -s gcc-4.8 /usr/bin/gcc

Your line

Copygcc‬‬ ‫‪-g‬‬ ‫‪-m32‬‬ ‫‪-o‬‬ ‫‪skip‬‬ ‫‪skip.c

is ASCII broken. There are strange (invisible) characters before the spaces. Check it here.

Also, to run gcc with -m32 flag on, you need to install gcc-multilib first:

Copyapt-get install gcc-multilib

If sudo apt-get update does not work for you, you should maybe try sudo apt-get clean to clean the cache and then execute sudo apt-get update

gcc is in /Developer/usr/bin and /usr/bin. Check these directories and the value of your PATH environment variable, and add to it as needed.

You are not configuring the correct config file. Check this out:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Zsh#Configuring_.24PATH

Check that gcc is installed correctly:

brew install gcc
brew link gcc48

Create an alias to whatever link brew created and put it in your .zshrc

cd /usr/local/bin
ls cpp*
ls c++*

alias gcc=/usr/local/bin/<whatever_link_you_found>

You'll have to completely purge what you have and perform a fresh install.

Much of this is done automatically when using the GUI. But when using the commandline you have to be specific to remove the leftover packages and other files manually.

First completely purge/remove what you currently have installed, which isn't working. Clean and update your repository cache and packages, then freshly install gcc.

$ sudo apt purge gcc
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt full-upgrade
$ sudo apt install gcc

Check for errors between commands. There shouldn't be errors. If they are, address the suggested remedy provided to fix the error. For instance, there might be an occasional warning or error such as:

E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.

To resolve that particular state, run:

$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then after fixing that part, proceed to the next step.

Each of the commands should give a clean state. You'll then have a fresh install from the repository.

In short: When cross-compiling Linux kernel, you need not only a cross-compiler, but a compiler (gcc) for your host too.

When build the Linux kernel and modules, the build system not only compiles binaries for the target platform, but also executes some programs on these binaries. These programs are shipped with the Linux kernel sources as sources, so for build these programs host compiler is needed.

By the way, a line started with HOSTCC means that exactly host compiler is used for that operation.

gcc isn't installed anymore by Xcode, it really installs clang and calls it gcc

usxxplayegm1:~ grady$ which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc

usxxplayegm1:~ grady$ /usr/bin/gcc --version

Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.38) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.2
Thread model: posix

you need man clang

I thought it was a symlink, but ls -l doesn't list it as a symlink, so either it is a hard link or some other sort of trickery.

Do you have ARM toolchain installed? If there is no such package in Ubuntu you can download it from the internet and add it to your $PATH.

Take a look at what is arm-linux-gcc and how to install this in ubuntu

EDIT: It might be, that your makefile is looking for different filenames, than you have.

Try locating arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc file. Go to that directory and you may create links for each file with arm-linux-gnueabi- prefix.

Try after sudo su:

ln -s arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc arm-linux-gcc
ln -s arm-linux-gnueabi-cc arm-linux-cc

etc.

Might help, but I do not guarantee. Usually works ;-)