The subject in existential ("there is/are") constructions is the dummy pronoun "there," so you can't use subject-verb agreement because "there" is neither singular nor plural. You therefore have to use one of the other types of verb agreement: Proximity agreement - the verb agrees with the number of the closest noun, even though it's not the subject. This is generally what style guides recommend for formal writing. So since the noun closest to the verb in your example is singular "a cat," the singular verb "is" would be correct under proximity agreement. If the second noun were plural, you'd still use "is" because the noun closest to the verb is still singular: "There is a cat and two dogs in the yard." If "two dogs" came directly after the verb, you'd use the plural verb form: "There are two dogs and a cat in the yard." Notional agreement - the verb is conjugated according to the intended meaning. Since you're talking about two (or more) animals, you would use the plural verb form to reflect this: "There are a cat and a dog in the yard," "There are a cat and two dogs in the yard," etc. So both "is" and "are" are correct in your example (and in many existential constructions), though it might be advisable to use proximity agreement in formal writing. Answer from Boglin007 on reddit.com
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British Council
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org › grammar › a1-a2-grammar › using-there-there-are
Using 'there is' and 'there are' | LearnEnglish
April 18, 2023 - In your first sentence the first item is plural (two armchairs), so there are is used. In your second sentence the first item is singular (a bed), so there is is used. ... Join thousands of learners from around the world who are improving their English grammar with our online courses.
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Grammarly
grammarly.com › blog › grammar › there-is-there-are
There Is vs. There Are: How to Choose? | Grammarly Blog
December 16, 2020 - Use there is when the noun is singular (“There is a cat”). Use there are when the noun is plural (“There are two cats”). Read on to find out what to do when it’s not so clear cut.
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Grammar
grammar.cl › Present › ThereIsThereAre.htm
There Is There Are | Learn English Grammar with Woodward English | There is / There are QUIZ
The contraction of there is is there's. There's a good song on the radio. There's only one chocolate left in the box. You cannot contract there are.
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Perfect English Grammar
perfect-english-grammar.com › there-is-there-are.html
There is / There are
May 18, 2021 - Click here for our complete programme to perfect your English grammar. If we want to say that something exists or doesn't exist somewhere or at some time, we often use 'there + be'. It's often used to talk about something for the first time in a conversation.
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Ellii
ellii.com › blog › there-is-there-are
Learning to Use and Teach There Is vs. There Are – Ellii Blog - Ellii (formerly ESL Library)
They are used to describe a situation (often involving preposition of place and a location). When we use there as a subject, the verb must agree with the nouns that come after the verb.
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English Grammar Revolution
english-grammar-revolution.com › home › usage & rules › there is
There is... There are... Expletive Construction
Notice that we don't lose any meaning when we rewrite our sentences without there. There is no place like home. ---> No place is like home. There are many leaves on the ground. ---> Many leaves are on the ground. There is trying to trick you into thinking that it is the subject, but it's not. It's an expletive. In the world of grammar, expletives aren't swear words.
Find elsewhere
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Promova
promova.com › english-grammar › there-are-and-there-is-usage-rules
Rules for using there is vs there are | Promova Grammar | Promova Blog
April 2, 2025 - In summary, "there are" is an important phrase in English for indicating the presence or existence of multiple items, specifically with plural nouns. Understanding and following these rules ensures clarity and grammatical correctness in communication. ... Both in verbal and written communication, ...
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/grammar › do you use "there is" or "there are" if you have more than 1 item but they're each in the singular, eg "there is/are a cat and a dog"? does it change if the second item is in the plural?
r/grammar on Reddit: Do you use "there is" or "there are" if you have more than 1 item but they're each in the singular, eg "there is/are a cat and a dog"? Does it change if the second item is in the plural?
June 7, 2023 - If the second noun were plural, you'd still use "is" because the noun closest to the verb is still singular: "There is a cat and two dogs in the yard." If "two dogs" came directly after the verb, you'd use the plural verb form: "There are two dogs and a cat in the yard." Notional agreement - the verb is conjugated according to the intended meaning.
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British Council
learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org › grammar › a1-a2-grammar › there › there-are-it
There is / There are and It | LearnEnglish Teens
OK, that's enough for one grammar snack. It's time to go. That's a good it expression! It's very good of you to say so! Yes, it really is time to stop now! Bye! There is / There are and It - grammar snack320.38 KB
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Woodward English
woodwardenglish.com › home › to be › there is / there are
There is / There are | Woodward English
January 28, 2025 - There are many problems. = Many problems exist = a large number of problems · More example sentences with There is and There are:
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Grammar Book
grammarbook.com › home › effective writing › should we use there is and there are?
Should We Use There Is and There Are? - The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
April 21, 2023 - There are too many orange M&Ms in this bowl. There is a lot of congestion on I-88 into the city. There's a piece of confetti in your hair. If you're an American communicating in American English, such statements are as common as corn in the Midwest. There is, there are, and the contracted there's are
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YourDictionary
yourdictionary.com › vocabulary › versus › meanings › there is vs. there are: choosing the right one
There Is vs. There Are | Grammar Explained | YourDictionary
July 15, 2022 - For example, cake is uncountable, making it singular. If you add cake to “Is there any left,” you get: ... You can use the same method for some, a lot, and more, as well as any indefinite pronoun that could describe an uncountable noun or a plural noun. ... Those are the basics of there is and there are.
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EnglishClub
englishclub.com › grammar › subject-verb-agreement-there-is-there-are.php
Subject-Verb Agreement: there is, there are | Learn English
The phrase "fruit, bread and wine" refers to three things, so why do we use the singular there is? The reason is ellipsis (where we cut out words that are repeated). So... There is fruit, bread and wine on the table. really means There is fruit, there is bread and there is wine on the table.
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Lingbase
lingbase.com › en › english › grammar › there-is-there-are
There is, there are: explanation, examples | Lingbase
There is a good Italian restaurant nearby. = A good Italian restaurant is situated nearby. There are a lot of trees in the park.
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English at Home
english-at-home.com › grammar-there-some-any
English Grammar: There Is, There Are, Some, Any – english-at-home.com
February 6, 2013 - In English grammar we use “there is” or “there are” to talk about things we can see and things that exist. We use “there is” for singular and uncountable nouns, and we use “…
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Possibly Related:

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Neither of your sentences sounds immaculately grammatical to me, especially the second one. You’re right that people do say these things, sometimes. Here’s why.

First of all, a lot of X takes the number of X, because it can be used on both count nouns and mass nouns:

  • A lot of our farmers are suffering from the drought.
    There are a lot of farmers suffering from the drought.

  • A lot of the trouble comes from the lack of rain.
    There’s a lot of trouble from the lack of rain.

Sometimes you can start of your a lot of thinking it singular or plural before you finish it off, so that will stick in your head and you’ll leave that as the number when you get to the verb without subjecting to careful analysis. This is speech, remember, so people don’t have time to think too much. Text messages and quickly jotted Post-it notes still count as speech, not written languages.

Next, there are legitimate situations where there is introduces a plural and nobody thinks a thing about it:

Oh look, there’s your mom and dad!

Just as they might say

Hey, here comes your mom and dad!

Even though technically, you would use come there in the plural. But here comes is too much of a set phrase, just as there is has become, to always think too much about formal agreement. Furthermore, many speakers will sometimes use there is as a generic existential that doesn’t take number into account.

How many for dinner? Why, there’s just the two of us.
There’s just three things you need to know about women, son.

This may occur in rapid, casual speech in ways that more careful writers may rewrite into the plural as needed when setting things down in formal writing.

How many for dinner? Why, there are just the two of us.
There are just three things you need to know about women, son.

Or not.

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Hang on, slow down here!

There are two different matters being questioned here.

1) Why is "a lot" preceded by is

A lot in this sense describes a certain group of something, which is singular. There are many other similar words, examples:

There is a lot of people here.
There is a team of people working on this project.
There is a group of bystanders watching the accident.

2) Why is "there are" sometimes shortened to "there's"

Yes, this actually does happen. I'm not claiming it's grammatical, but people do it. Simply for the reason that you cannot shorten "there are" to "there're." In that case, you can say "there's" when meaning "there are", but this can be used only in spoken or informal English. Examples:

There are many apples on the table. => There's many apples on the table.

For further reference see Is “there're” (similar to “there's”) a correct contraction?, where the currently accepted answer states:

A huge number of English speakers, even those that are well-educated, use there's universally, regardless of the number of the noun in question, so you will probably not receive any odd looks for saying or writing there's, and if you do, just cite the fact that it can't be incorrect if a majority of people use it.

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Ginseng English
ginsengenglish.com › blog › there-is-and-there-are
There is and There are in English Grammar | Ginseng English | Learn English
March 27, 2022 - We use "there is" to say that something exists, or that something is in a specific place. "There is" is singular, and "There are" is plural. This article explains how to use "there is" and "There are" with affirmative forms, negative forms, ...