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I'm the tech support grandchild and my grandmother (with Alzheimer's) came to me asking why her phone was locked out with a message stating "This iphone is in security lockout. you can try your passcode again in (null)". Her phone was originally setup to not have a password - but for this to happen I'm assuming she set one on her own and forgot what it was, locking her out of her phone after too many attempts. Is there some edge case that would cause this to happen with no password or is my assumption that this is her own doing in fact correct?
Edit: I don't know what IOS version it was on.
This issue should be resolved with macOS Ventura 13.2
I've had a similar problem with a client using an earlier operating system. We had to resort to Apple Tech Support on a telephone call.
Now that you've updated to the most recent operating system, I suggest signing out of your Apple ID and then signing in again. To do this, in System Settings tap your name. Scroll to the bottom of the pane and click Sign Out.
Note: if you use iCloud Drive for storage, or Mail, Contacts, Calendars, etc. you will be asked what you want to do with that data before logging out. Here's more info.
https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/sign-apple-settings-mac-mh36825/13.0/mac/13.0
If that doesn't clear the error, I would suggest calling Apple Support. They will connect you with the team that specializes in Apple ID. The geniuses at the stores are not allowed to do Apple ID stuff, so I'd start with a call.