Void ab initio: "void from the beginning." A contract, deed, or legal action that is void ab initio: has no legal effect and is treated as if it never existed. In FL: common examples include: contracts entered into by persons lacking legal capacity (minors under certain circumstances, persons adjudicated incompetent), deeds executed under duress or fraud, marriages that are void (bigamous marriages, marriages involving prohibited degrees of kinship), and court orders entered without jurisdiction. The distinction: is critical because a void act cannot be: ratified, cured, or enforced (unlike a

Consequences: no title transfers (if a deed is void ab initio: no title was conveyed; the grantee has no ownership interest; any subsequent transfers by the grantee are also void), no obligations created (if a contract is void: no party has any obligation under the contract; any consideration paid must be returned), title insurance claims (if a title policy was issued based on a void deed: the title company may have a claim), and chain of title issues (a void deed creates a break in the chain of title: all subsequent deeds and mortgages may be affected). FL courts: will declare a transaction v

Distinction: void ab initio (the act has no legal effect from the beginning: it cannot be made valid by: ratification, passage of time, or agreement of the parties; any person can challenge a void act; there is no time limit for challenging it), and voidable (the act is valid until it is set aside by a court: it can be: ratified (the party with the right to avoid the act chooses to affirm it), the right to avoid can be waived, and only the party who has the right to avoid can challenge it; there may be a time limit for challenging). Example: a deed signed by a minor: may be voidable (the minor