A number line is a helpful visual tool. To add, start at the first number and move to the right for positive integers and to the left for negative integers. To subtract, move in the opposite direction of the sign of the second integer. For example, to calculate 3 + (-2), start at 3 and move two units to the left, ending at 1.

Subtracting an integer is the same as adding its opposite. Change the subtraction sign to addition and change the sign of the second integer. For example, 8 - 3 = 8 + (-3) = 5, and 8 - (-3) = 8 + 3 = 11.

Integers are whole numbers, including zero, positive numbers, and negative numbers. Adding and subtracting integers involves understanding rules based on the signs of the numbers. Positive + Positive = Positive, Negative + Negative = Negative. When adding integers with different signs, subtract the smaller absolute value from the larger and keep the sign of the larger number. Subtracting an integer is the same as adding its opposite (e.g., 5 - (-3) = 5 + 3 = 8).