You can create the table you need with a list of lists:

t = [[False for i in range(len(data))] for z in range(sum)] #Creates table filled with 'False'

for i in range(len(data)):
    print(i)
    if i == 0:
        continue
    for z in range(sum):
        for c in range(int(z/i)):
            print("*" * 15)
            print('z is equal to: ', z)
            print('c is equal to: ', c)
            print('i is equal to: ', i)
            print(z - c * i)
            print('i - 1: ', (i - 1))

            if (z - c * i) == (i - 1):
                print("(z - c * i) * (i - 1)) match!")
                t[z][i] = True     # Sets element in table to 'True' 

As for your TypeError, you can't say i = 1 to k, you need to say: for i in range(1,k+1): (assuming you want k to be included).

Another tip is that you shouldn't use sum as a variable name, because this is already a built-in python function. Try putting print sum([10,4]) in your program somewhere!