Short Generic Answer:

You should be able to just use wildcards *.

So just:

- name: Install package
  yum:
    name: package-2.6*
    state: latest 

Long Case Specific Answer:

I created a test server in AWS for your specific case and found that wildcards do indeed work (EC2 instance running CentOS 7, installing `mongodb-org-server-3.4.0*).

You do need to make sure you have properly configured the mongo repository first, but you said in the comments that you are able to download the package if you provide the full version number, which is unusual. Anyway, this is the minimal playbook I made and ran:

play.yml:

- hosts: all
  remote_user: centos
  tasks:
    - name: Add MongoDB repo for CentOS
      become: true
      copy:
        src: ./files/mongodb-org-3.4.repo
        dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-3.4.repo
    - name: Install mongodb
      become: true
      yum:
        name: mongodb-org-server-3.4.0*
        state: latest # Works with 'present' too, but won't update versions

This playbook copies a local file for the repo config which looks like this (path is relative to the play.yml file):

files/mongod-org-3.4.repo:

[mongodb-org-3.4]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.4/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.4.asc

I just want to update this old discussion to point out that there is now a package module that makes this more straightforward

- name: get the rpm or apt package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: "auto"

- name: show apache2 version
  debug: var=ansible_facts.packages.apache2[0].version

Ansible yum module already provides a solution for this problem. The path to the local rpm file on the server can be passed to the name parameter.

From the Ansible yum module documentation:

You can also pass a url or a local path to a rpm file. To operate on several packages this can accept a comma separated list of packages or (as of 2.0) a list of packages.

The proper steps to do this would be something like this:

- name: Copy rpm file to server
  copy:
     src: package.rpm
     dest: /tmp/package.rpm

- name: Install package.
  yum:
     name: /tmp/package.rpm
     state: present

I would recommend pip:

sudo pip install 'ansible==2.0.0.1' 

More information on ansible[1] and pip[2] documentation.

And if you want to have more than one installed version, just use create virtualenv:

virtualenv .env
source .env/bin/activate
pip install 'ansible==2.2.0.0'

and only this terminal will use this specific version of Ansible. Then repeat the process for each combination you want.