The issue was with the axios instance.

I have added response type to the request header, the issue was solved.

        responseType: "blob",

this was the root cause. After that I was able to download the file with response provided by 'Klian' in the comments to my question.

in the end, I solved the problem by specifying that the string that came from the api was a base64, I leave the code below in case others run into the same problem

data = res.data.data;

console.log(data);
                    
var element = document.createElement('a');
element.setAttribute('href', 'data:text/plain;base64,' + data.file);
element.setAttribute('download', data.nome);

element.style.display = 'none';
document.body.appendChild(element);

element.click();

document.body.removeChild(element);

thank you very much whoever answered the question by letting me get to the solution ^^

DownloadDocumentController

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DownloadDocumentController {

    private static final String APPLICATION_MS_WORD_VALUE = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document";

    private final DownloadDocumentService downloadDocumentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/download", produces = APPLICATION_MS_WORD_VALUE)
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> downloadFile(@RequestBody String pathFile) throws IOException {
        byte[] content = downloadDocumentService.downloadFile(pathFile);

        return ResponseEntity.ok()
                             .contentLength(content.length)
                             .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_MS_WORD_VALUE)
                             .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=File.docx"))
                             .body(content);
    }
}

DownloadDocumentService

@Service
public class DownloadDocumentService {

    public byte[] downloadFile(String pathFile) {
        // TODO do read available resource and create byte[]
        return null;
    }

}