Alternatively,

f = cell(3,1); % create a cell array

% initialize

    f{1} = @(t) t^2;
    f{2} = @(t) cos(2*t);
    f{3} = @(t) 4*(t^3);

% access properties

    size(f)(1); % access the number of functions
    f{1} % access the first function
    f{2}(17) % evaluate the second function at x = 17

A cell array is a data type with indexed data containers called cells, where each cell can contain any type of data.

Documentation: https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html

Alternatively, In Octave:

f = cell(3,1); # create a cell array

# initialize

    f(1) = @(t) t^2;
    f(2) = @(t) cos(2*t);
    f(3) = @(t) 4*(t^3);

# access properties

    size(f)(1); # access the number of functions
    f{1} # access the first function
    f{2}(17) # evaluate the second function at x = 17

exp is a vectorized operation:

B = exp(A);

It doesn't go much more elegant than this ;)

Note that most operations in Matlab are vectorized by default thus you do not need to explicitly loop through all the elements of the matrix.