You can't; there are no Cyrillic characters in ASCII. The chart you've shown is for one of the many "extended ASCII" character sets; specifically, it appears to be Windows-1251 (a.k.a. CP1251). In order to get a character's codepoint in this encoding, you thus need to first encode the string as CP1251 and then take the value of the resulting byte:

# Assuming Python 3
s = "Йог".encode('cp1251')
for b in s:
    print(b)
Answer from jwodder on Stack Overflow
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Ascii-codes
ascii-codes.com › cp855.html
Ascii table for Cyrillic charset (CP855) - Ascii-Codes
The characters in the 128-255 range are referred to as extended ASCII. Code page 855 is an alternative code page used to write Cyrillic-based languages: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian (Slavic languages), and Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Moldovan, Mongolian, Tajik, Uzbek (non-Slavic).
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Ascii-codes
ascii-codes.com › cp866.html
Ascii table for Cyrillic charset (CP866) - Ascii-Codes
Code page 866 is the most widely used code page to write Cyrillic-based languages: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian (Slavic languages), and Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Moldovan, Mongolian, Tajik, Uzbek (non-Slavic), Code page 855 being the alternative one.
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ASCII Code
ascii-code.com › characters › cyrillic
ASCII Cyrillic Characters
This is a list of Cyrillic characters such as letters, symbols, punctuation marks available under different ASCII character sets.

You can't; there are no Cyrillic characters in ASCII. The chart you've shown is for one of the many "extended ASCII" character sets; specifically, it appears to be Windows-1251 (a.k.a. CP1251). In order to get a character's codepoint in this encoding, you thus need to first encode the string as CP1251 and then take the value of the resulting byte:

# Assuming Python 3
s = "Йог".encode('cp1251')
for b in s:
    print(b)
Answer from jwodder on Stack Overflow
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode
Cyrillic script in Unicode - Wikipedia
2 weeks ago - As of Unicode version 17.0, Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: ... The characters in the range U+0400–U+045F are basically the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. The next characters in the Cyrillic block, range U+0460–U+0489, are historical letters, ...
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Metadas Media
metadas.com › support › online tools › utf8 character sets
UTF 8 | Cyrillic | ASCII values 1024 to 1279 - Metadas Media
This page will show you the utf8 characters from 1024 to 1279, These are in the utf8 subset called Cyrillic.
Call   01722412678
Address   21 Northside, Old Sarum, SP4 6BZ, Salisbury
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ASCII Code
ascii-code.com › character › а
а - cyrillic small letter a - ASCII Code
А (А а; italics: А а) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents an open central unrounded vowel /ä/, halfway between the pronunciation of ⟨a⟩ in "cat" and "father".
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Key Shortcut
key-shortcut.com › en › writing-systems › abv-cyrillic-alphabet
абв - Cyrillic alphabet - Key-Shortcut
Unicode table for the Cyrillic writing system / languages Russian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Mongolian - а б в г д е ж з и к л м н о (HTML charset UTF-8)
Find elsewhere
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CTAN
ctan.org › pkg › ascii-cyrillic
CTAN: Package ascii-cyrillic
The bundle provides a converter that will transfer 8-Bit Russian and Ukrainian text to and from a “stable” ASCII representation.
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ASCII Table
ascii-code.com › CP1251
ASCII Table for Windows-1251: ASCII Code Reference
Codes 32-127 are common for all ... character on your keyboard. Character 127 represents the command DEL. Windows-1251 is a character encoding standard used to represent text in the Cyrillic script....
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Convertcyrillic
convertcyrillic.com
Convert Cyrillic
We cannot provide a description for this page right now
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W3Schools
w3schools.com › charsets › ref_utf_cyrillic.asp
UTF-8 Cyrillic / Slavic
HTML Charsets HTML ASCII HTML WIN-1252 HTML ISO-8859 HTML Symbols HTML UTF-8 HTML Entities · Entities Latin Entities Greek Entities A Entities B Entities C Entities D Entities E Entities F Entities G Entities H Entities I Entities J Entities K Entities L Entities M Entities N Entities O Entities P Entities Q Entities R Entities S Entities T Entities U Entities V Entities W Entities X Entities Y Entities Z HTML4 · ❮ Previous Next ❯ · Cyrillic Script is used for many Slavic languages.
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Penn State
sites.psu.edu › symbolcodes › languages › europe › cyrillic › cyrillicchart
Cyrillic Unicode Chart – Symbol Codes
June 26, 2017 - Russian | Ukrainian | Cyrillic| Slavic | Turkic Use these codes if you need to insert a word or short phrase within a multilingual text. Go to the About the Codes section to see how they are implem…
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JR Graphix
jrgraphix.net › r › Unicode › 0400-04FF
Cyrillic — Unicode Character Table
CADDesignCodeWorkEtcContact · Cyrillic · Copyright © JRX Toronto, Canada. All rights reserved
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GNU Aspell
aspell.net › charsets › cyrillic.html
The Cyrillic Charset Soup
In 1974 GOST published another governmental standard GOST 19768-74, with two charsets which both mixed the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets in one set that kept the original KOI correspondence idea alive: The first was another 7bit charset named KOI-7 with only capital letters: ... The second charset defined in GOST 19768-74 was the famous 8-bitny Kod dla Obmena i obrabotki Informacii (KOI-8) that gave decipherable ASCII text when the highest bit was stripped and may rightfully be called the Cyrillic ASCII.
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ASCII Code
ascii-code.com › character › о
о - cyrillic small letter o - ASCII Code
O (О о; italics: О о) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. O commonly represents the close-mid back rounded vowel /o/, like the pronunciation of ⟨o⟩ in Scottish English "go".
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IBM
developer.ibm.com › articles › l-u-cyr
Cyrillic in Unicode
In this article, Thomas Burger describes the Cyrillic script fonts and the various methods for representating them in Linux, including UTF-8. He provides instructions for setting up the font support and installation, and describes how it is supported in applications.
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ASCII Code
ascii-code.com › character › Я
Cyrillic capital letter Ya - ASCII Character Я
Ya or Ja (Я я; italics: Я я) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus (Ѧ ѧ) or maybe even 'Ꙗ'. Among modern Slavic languages, it is used in the East Slavic languages and Bulgarian.
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SYMBL
symbl.cc › homepage › unicode › blocks › cyrillic
Cyrillic: Unicode Block (0400-04FF)
Block “Cyrillic” in Unicode. Contains 256 characters within the range 0400-04FF. For example: ‭Ѐ Ё Ђ‬. Explore all characters from this block on (◕‿◕) SYMBL!
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Lexilogos
lexilogos.com › keyboard › russian.htm
Russian Keyboard Online: Cyrillic Alphabet • Lexilogos
Online keyboard to type Russian with Cyrillic script. Includes stress marks, punctuation, Numero sign (№), and pre-1918 letters: і, ѣ (yat), ѳ, ѵ. Toggle italic style to see cursive letterforms.