You are using bootstrap 5 so use data-bs-toggle instead of data-toggle and use data-bs-target instead of data-target

  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#exampleModal">
                    Launch demo modal
                </button>

Ref:https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/components/modal/

Answer from John Lobo on Stack Overflow
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Bootstrap
getbootstrap.com › docs › 5.3 › components › modal
Modal · Bootstrap v5.3
Use Bootstrap’s JavaScript modal plugin to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content.
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Bootstrap
getbootstrap.com › docs › 4.1 › components › modal
Modal · Bootstrap
Use Bootstrap’s JavaScript modal plugin to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content.
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Bootstrap
getbootstrap.com › docs › 5.0 › components › modal
Modal · Bootstrap v5.0
Use Bootstrap’s JavaScript modal plugin to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content.
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W3Schools
w3schools.com › bootstrap › bootstrap_modal.asp
Bootstrap Modals
Some text in the modal. ... Tip: Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap's individual "modal.js" file), or all at once (using "bootstrap.js" or "bootstrap.min.js").
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React Bootstrap
react-bootstrap.netlify.app › modals
Modals | React Bootstrap
You can focus on an element inside the modal using autoFocus attribute on the element. ... You can specify a Bootstrap large or small modal by using the size prop.
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BootstrapVue
bootstrap-vue.org › docs › components › modal
Modal | Components | BootstrapVue
You can set the value of trigger by passing an argument to the component's hide() method for advanced control (i.e. detecting what button or action triggered the modal to hide). Note: ok, cancel, or close events will be only emitted when the argument to hide() is strictly 'ok', 'cancel', or 'headerclose' respectively. The argument passed to hide() will be placed into the trigger property of the event object. Utilize the Bootstrap grid system within a modal by nesting <b-container fluid> within the modal-body.
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Bootstrap
getbootstrap.com › docs › 4.6 › components › modal
Modal · Bootstrap v4.6
Use Bootstrap’s JavaScript modal plugin to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content.
Find elsewhere
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Medium
medium.com › @AlexanderObregon › understanding-and-using-bootstrap-modals-effectively-14cf13cca2d9
Understanding and Using Bootstrap Modals Effectively
April 29, 2024 - Modals are essentially dialog boxes/popup windows that are displayed on top of the main content, to grab user attention and gather or deliver crucial information. They’re employed for various purposes, including log-in/sign-up forms, ...
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W3Schools
w3schools.com › bootstrap4 › bootstrap_modal.asp
Bootstrap 4 Modals
<!-- Button to Open the Modal --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"> Open modal </button> <!-- The Modal --> <div class="modal" id="myModal"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Modal Heading</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</button> </div> <!-- Modal body --> <div class="modal-body"> Modal body..
Top answer
1 of 4
6

You are using bootstrap 5 so use data-bs-toggle instead of data-toggle and use data-bs-target instead of data-target

  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#exampleModal">
                    Launch demo modal
                </button>

Ref:https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/components/modal/

2 of 4
2

Fixed, Actually you miss the CSS and there is button attributes were wrong:-

Below example working fine...

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <title>Student List</title>


</head>

<body>


    <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-8" id="pageName">
                <h1>Student List</h1>

            </div>
            <div class="col-4" id="newButton">
                <!-- Button trigger modal -->
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#exampleModal">
                    Launch demo modal
                  </button>

                <!-- Modal -->
                <div class="modal fade" id="exampleModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel"
                    aria-hidden="true">
                    <div class="modal-dialog">
                        <div class="modal-content">
                            <div class="modal-header">
                                <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Modal title</h5>
                                <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal"
                                    aria-label="Close"></button>
                            </div>
                            <div class="modal-body">
                                ...
                            </div>
                            <div class="modal-footer">
                                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
                                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <hr>
    <table class="table">
        <thead class="thead-dark" id="tableHeader">
            <tr>
                <th scope="col">ID</th>
                <th scope="col">Last Name</th>
                <th scope="col">First Name</th>
                <th scope="col">Course</th>
                <th scope="col">Average</th>
            </tr>
        </thead id="tableContent">
        <tbody>

        </tbody>
    </table>

    <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"
        integrity="sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
        integrity="sha384-ka7Sk0Gln4gmtz2MlQnikT1wXgYsOg+OMhuP+IlRH9sENBO0LRn5q+8nbTov4+1p"
        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
        integrity="sha384-QJHtvGhmr9XOIpI6YVutG+2QOK9T+ZnN4kzFN1RtK3zEFEIsxhlmWl5/YESvpZ13"
        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

</body>

</html>

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Bootstrap
getbootstrap.com › docs › 5.1 › components › modal
Modal · Bootstrap v5.1
Use Bootstrap’s JavaScript modal plugin to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content.
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CoreUI
coreui.io › react › documentation › components › modal
Bootstrap Modal - extended examples and tutorials
July 5, 2023 - Bootstrap modals are lightweight and multi-purpose popups. Modals are split into three primary sections: header, body, and footer. Each has its role and so should be used accordingly.
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htmx
htmx.org › examples › modal-bootstrap
htmx ~ Examples ~ Modal Dialogs in Bootstrap
<button hx-get="/modal" hx-target="#modals-here" hx-trigger="click" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#modals-here" class="btn primary">Open Modal</button> <div id="modals-here" class="modal modal-blur fade" style="display: none" aria-hidden="false" tabindex="-1"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"></div> </div> </div>
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GitHub
github.com › jschr › bootstrap-modal
GitHub - jschr/bootstrap-modal: Extends the default Bootstrap Modal class. Responsive, stackable, ajax and more. · GitHub
Extends the default Bootstrap Modal class. Responsive, stackable, ajax and more. - jschr/bootstrap-modal
Starred by 5K users
Forked by 1.1K users
Languages   JavaScript 80.6% | CSS 19.4%
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Angular powered Bootstrap
ng-bootstrap.github.io
Angular powered Bootstrap
Bootstrap widgets for Angular: autocomplete, accordion, alert, carousel, datepicker, dropdown, offcanvas, pagination, popover, progressbar, rating, scrollspy, tabset, timepicker, tooltip, typeahead
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MDBootstrap
mdbootstrap.com › standard › modal
Bootstrap Modal - free examples & tutorial
Responsive popup window with Bootstrap 5. Examples of with image, modal position i.e. center, z-index usage, modal fade animation, backdrop usage, modal size & more.
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SitePoint
sitepoint.com › blog › bootstrap › understanding bootstrap modals
Understanding Bootstrap Modals — SitePoint
November 6, 2024 - Bootstrap Modals are a lightweight, customizable and responsive jQuery Bootstrap plugin used to display alert popups, videos, images and more. They are divided into three sections: the header, body, and footer, each serving a unique purpose.
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Blazor Bootstrap
demos.blazorbootstrap.com › modals
Blazor Modal Component | Blazor Bootstrap
Use Blazor Bootstrap modal component to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content.