All answers I could quickly find on this topic involve either the tip Molly gave or using an application (or coding it yourself). For example (I haven't tried this), Close All Windows.

Also, by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc you get the Windows Task Manager, where you can see all running applications at once (among other things), select them, and End Task them.

Answer from Adriano Varoli Piazza on Stack Exchange
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CNET
cnet.com › tech › computing › the fastest way to close all running programs in windows
The fastest way to close all running programs in Windows - CNET
October 27, 2012 - When they're all selected, press Alt-E, then Alt-F, and finally x to close Task Manager. For those of you keeping score at home, that's seven steps that can be accomplished in less than 10 seconds.
Discussions

Quickly close all windows at once
I deal with personal information and am subject to privacy laws. When someone walks in to my office I need to quickly close all the windows on my computer to ensure no private information is inadvertently revealed. How do I close all windows at once? … More on learn.microsoft.com
🌐 learn.microsoft.com
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70
September 27, 2023
Easy Keyboard Shortcut to actually close a program?
Alt+F4 works for me. More on reddit.com
🌐 r/windows
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November 12, 2020
Close all apps.

Doesn’t Apple recommend NOT closing apps?

More on reddit.com
🌐 r/shortcuts
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March 18, 2017
How to close all windows at once
ctrl+alt+delete or ctrl+shift+esc which opens the task manager and then you can kill the processes. More on reddit.com
🌐 r/Windows10
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September 24, 2019
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/techsupport › how can i gracefully close all open apps except explorer with one click or keystroke?
r/techsupport on Reddit: How can I gracefully close all open apps except Explorer with one click or keystroke?
June 20, 2024 -

I'm doing some testing and frequently need to gracefully close all open apps either before running a program or rebooting. The batch file and PowerShell methods I've tried shut down chrome improperly, so I need to restore all open tabs. I want to simulate closing the app manually.

The main apps I typically have open are Chrome, Word, Titan Mail, Thunderbird, an image management program, Photoshop, possibly other Office or Adobe programs, and Notepad.

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How "gracefully" are you talking? There are multiple ways to close a program. The batch file/PowerShell method might be graceful or not, depending on exactly which commands you used. One option is to forcefully terminate each process/process group before shut down. There are also commands to gracefully ask a program to terminate. Generally it's the same command (taskkill/Stop-Process), without the /f/-force parameter. You can also interact with the program's GUI to close it, eg. using Alt+F4 keyboard shortcut,or clicking the X button in the top right (if there is one), or using File->Close in the menu bar (if it has one), or right-clicking the program icon in the taskbar and selecting Close Window. Applications may respond differently between graceful requests to terminate from the OS, and the GUI options to close. For example you mentioned Chrome, where the behaviour to automatically reopen tabs only occurs if the GUI is used to close the browser (and the option to automatically restore tabs is set), but not if you forcefully close it via command line (taskkill /f /IM chrome.exe). However it will restore tabs if you do it gracefully (taskkill /IM chrome.exe). Not all programs will necessarily behave the same way, however both Chrome and Word do.If you want to ensure you get the desired behaviour, the only reliable way to reproduce a GUI close is to use automation tools to simulate the same GUI interaction. You mentioned AutoHotKey in another comment, and yes that's one solution to achieve this. The problem is, if you want to automate this GUI interaction you also need to handle scenarios where the program refuses to close. Like in Word or Notepad, if you have an unsaved document, the GUI methods will prompt the user to save changes first. Each program will behave differently, so you'll need to account for every app you might possibly have open, and the different behaviours it might have to different states. At that point you either have an overly complicated automation, or you only have partial automation with user intervention required to handle any exceptions. Or you just accept the fact that terminating gracefully via command line is the easiest solution, even if some applications might not handle it the way you want. If you're willing to dig deeper, you might be interested in ARSO. But it'll only work with applications that explicitly support it, and I don't know of any way to trigger it manually.
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You can't do it gracefully... Curiosity why/what makes you need this?
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Ntwind
ntwind.com › software › closeall.html
Close All Windows at Once with Just a Single Click – Super Fast & Easy App - NTWind Software
You can specify /NOUI command line switch to run CloseAll in silent mode and close all windows without any UI interaction. Just open CloseAll shortcut properties and add /NOUI to the “Target” location:
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Into Windows
intowindows.com › home › windows 10 › fastest way to close all programs and windows using alt + f4 keys
Fastest Way To Close All Programs and Windows Using Alt + F4 Keys
November 30, 2023 - Users who are a little more familiar ... keyboard shortcuts prefer using the Alt + F4 hotkey to close apps and windows. If you’re like most Windows users, you probably have tens of programs and windows running on the taskbar, and manually ...
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Quikteks
quikteks.com › blog › 163-weekly-tip-quickly-close-all-windows-programs
Quickly Close All Windows Programs - Quikteks Tech Support
March 2, 2023 - Press Alt + E to close all the programs. Finish off by closing the Windows Task Manager by clicking the X in the top right-hand corner (or you can do Alt + F /down arrow and select the Exit Task Manager option).
Find elsewhere
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Depending upon the application and the layout of the menu in the application you may be able to press ALT + F followed by the X key. ALT + F opens the file menu and then X will exit the application. If this does not work look for a quit or exit button on the menu bar and press the corresponding underlined key. This should do the trick for you.

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Yes, there is. It's Alt+F4.

This is the key combination to end a program. The only reason it doesn't work as advertised is ignorant programmers who refuse to follow Microsoft design guidelines.

This problem would persist with any other hotkey as well. You could only possibly create a custom solution with AutoHotKey (or similar tools) that kills the process. But this would most likely make you lose a lot of work. As that is quite the brute force method to exit a process.


I want to know more!

OK, to my understanding, there are several ways a Windows application can be terminated.

  1. Posting a WM_CLOSE window message to the main application window.
  2. Destroying the main application window.
  3. Terminating the process.

The first way is the clean way. The way you're intended to close an application. This is the same thing that Alt+F4 works. Pressing Alt+F4 will just send the WM_CLOSE message to the application window.

Now, let's look at all 3 ways in reverse order.

Terminating a process

In Windows, an application lives in a process. Inside that process, the application may create a window. The window is what you will see on your desktop and what you will interact with.

So, if the process is the root of an application, if you terminate it, everything else will go away as well. So this would be great to fully end an application. But this will kill the application so abruptly, that it will have no chance to save any critical data to disk.

So this would not be recommended!

Destroying the main application window

As we just learned, the main application window is just part of the process. So if we just destroy that window, we'll still have the process stinking up the place :(

And that would be even harder to get rid off than the application would have been.

This is most likely the nastiest approach to trying to end an application. Stay far away!

Posting a WM_CLOSE message

Windows is a message-based operating system. Meaning, components talk to each other by sending each other little messages.

One of these messages is the WM_CLOSE message.
If an application receives this message, it is agreed upon, that this application should seize all action and then life.

But every programmer can decide on his or her own how to handle the message.

As the documentation told us earlier, the default behavior would be to call DestroyWindow and, thus perform our application exit approach #2.
With the little difference that, this time, it's intentional and the program has every chance to save critical data.

Conclusion

So, as you can see, we're pretty much at the mercy of every programmer here. Or we take the risk of losing data (you don't want to take that risk!).

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Directive
directive.com › blog › weekly-tip-quickly-close-all-windows-programs.html
Weekly Tip: Quickly Close All Windows Programs
November 5, 2025 - If you press Ctrl+Shift+Esc, then ... then hold Shift+down arrow to select all the programs at once. You are now ready to close everything by pressing Alt+E....
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YouTube
youtube.com › watch
❎ How To Close All Apps With One Click ❎ - YouTube
This video shows you how you can close down all running Windows with just one click.Please do not forget to subscribe to my other channel click the link belo...
Published   January 2, 2024
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Quora
quora.com › Is-there-a-key-or-series-of-keys-that-closes-all-currently-opened-windows-on-a-windows-computer
Is there a key or series of keys that closes all currently opened windows on a windows computer? - Quora
I created an icon when I click on it the computer shuts down. To create the icon: click on blank area on your desktop and click on create new, click shortcut. In the blank box type in: shutdown /s /t 00 (keep the spacing as shown).
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MiniTool Partition Wizard
partitionwizard.com › home › news › close all apps at once in windows 11 with the top 5 methods
Close All Apps at Once in Windows 11: Increase Efficiency
November 28, 2024 - To close other apps, replace the “explorer.exe” part with the relevant command. ... Step 1: Press the Ctrl + Shift + Esc keys simultaneously to open Task Manager. Step 2: Hold the Shift + Down Arrow keys to select all the programs on the list.
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Verificient
verificient.freshdesk.com › support › solutions › articles › 1000325125-ways-to-force-quit-apps-or-programs-on-a-windows-pc
Ways to force quit apps or programs on a Windows PC : Support
To quickly force quit on Windows, use the keyboard shortcut Alt + F4. You can also force quit on Windows by using Task Manager or Command Prompt. If these methods don't work, try restarting your computer. How to force quit on Windows usin...
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Microsoft Support
support.microsoft.com › en-us › windows › keyboard-shortcuts-in-windows-dcc61a57-8ff0-cffe-9796-cb9706c75eec
Keyboard shortcuts in Windows - Microsoft Support
Use the following keyboard shortcuts to efficiently open, close, navigate, and do other tasks across the Windows desktop environment.
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/windows › easy keyboard shortcut to actually close a program?
Easy Keyboard Shortcut to actually close a program? : r/windows
November 12, 2020 - Yeah i'm sure what he was asking is for a keyboard shortcut that closes a single instance of a program. No, if a program creates a new instance upon opening a new window that looks no different than if it stayed as a single instance. besides the task manager, you wouldn't know which programs stay as a single instance or not. While you are correct that alt+f4 closes all windows of one instance, the end user, like op, experiences the same effect.
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Digital Citizen
digitalcitizen.life › close-apps-windows-10
8 ways to close apps in Windows 10 like a Pro | Digital Citizen
October 5, 2025 - Simultaneously pressing the Alt and F4 keys closes an app A less-known way of closing apps with the keyboard involves first using the shortcut Alt + Spacebar.
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MakeUseOf
makeuseof.com › home › windows › 8 different ways to close apps and programs on windows
8 Different Ways to Close Apps and Programs on Windows
December 25, 2022 - Screenshot by Pankil Shah -- No attribution required · If you love this method, be sure to check out how to customize the Task Switcher on Windows. You can also use the Alt + F4 keyboard shortcut to close an app or program on Windows.
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Gizchina
gizchina.com › 2023 › 08 › 28 › 5-tricks-to-close-all-apps-at-once-in-windows-11
5 Tricks to Close All Apps at Once in Windows 11
August 28, 2023 - Find a Program on Your Taskbar with Multiple Active Programs Open · Right-click on its taskbar icon, then select close all windows option. This is a fast and efficient way. However, if you have too many background processes with multiple windows, you'll will take a while to do this. Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcut Alt + Tab to open all program's windows menus.