I'm not sure how exactly the packages relate, but I needed to install the gcc package to resolve some sort of load error. Given that gcc didn't produce any results, I ran a quick

Copy$ conda search gcc

Which yielded, among other things, gcc_linux-64. After

Copy$ conda install gcc_linux-64

My issue went away, despite the fact that which gcc still pointed to the system install 🤷‍♂️

I'm still on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS but needed g++14. The sudo apt-get gcc-14 did not work for me, as it installed clang++14 for some reason (perhaps a misconfiguration on my part). What did work for me was following the instructions I found at https://www.dedicatedcore.com/blog/install-gcc-compiler-ubuntu/

The steps I took:

sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install libmpfr-dev libgmp3-dev libmpc-dev -y
wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-14.1.0/gcc-14.1.0.tar.gz
tar -xf gcc-14.1.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-14.1.0
./configure -v --build=$(uname -m)-linux-gnu --host=$(uname -m)-linux-gnu --target=$(uname -m)-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-14.1.0 --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib --program-suffix=-14.1.0
make
sudo make install

And if you would like to make it the default:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/local/gcc-14.1.0/bin/g++-14.1.0 14
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/local/gcc-14.1.0/bin/gcc-14.1.0 14

After that, g++ showed I was running version 14.1.0. I was then able to compile my project that included some c++20/23 features that were not in the previous versions of g++ (chrono/format).

Narrow Solution

It ships under the package name gxx:

conda install -c conda-forge gxx

Recommended Specification

Generally, I prefer using the Conda Forge compilers package or one of its subpackages (e.g., cxx-compiler), as this specification works across platforms. For example, cxx-compiler will install g++ on Linux, clang++ on OSX, and vc on Windows:

conda install -c conda-forge cxx-compiler

Just to share, not sure it will help you. However it shows that in standard conditions it is possible to use the conda gcc as described in the documentation instead of the system gcc.

# system gcc
which gcc && gcc --version
# /usr/bin/gcc
# gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0

# creating a conda env with gcc
conda create -n gcc gcc
# activate the environment
conda activating gcc
which gcc && gcc --version
# /opt/conda/envs/gcc/bin/gcc
# gcc (GCC) 11.2.0

Here is the list of packages installed on a fresh environment created with only gcc.

# packages in environment at /opt/conda/envs/gcc:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                 conda_forge    conda-forge
_openmp_mutex             4.5                       1_gnu    conda-forge
binutils_impl_linux-64    2.36.1               h193b22a_2    conda-forge
gcc                       11.2.0               h702ea55_2    conda-forge
gcc_impl_linux-64         11.2.0              h82a94d6_11    conda-forge
kernel-headers_linux-64   2.6.32              he073ed8_15    conda-forge
ld_impl_linux-64          2.36.1               hea4e1c9_2    conda-forge
libgcc-devel_linux-64     11.2.0              h0952999_11    conda-forge
libgcc-ng                 11.2.0              h1d223b6_11    conda-forge
libgomp                   11.2.0              h1d223b6_11    conda-forge
libsanitizer              11.2.0              he4da1e4_11    conda-forge
libstdcxx-ng              11.2.0              he4da1e4_11    conda-forge
sysroot_linux-64          2.12                he073ed8_15    conda-forge