Having just started on pretty much the same thing a few months ago (on a ten-year-old commercial project, originally written with the "C++ is nothing but C with smart structs" philosophy), I would suggest using the same strategy you'd use to eat an elephant: take it one bite at a time. :-)

As much as possible, split it up into stages that can be done with minimal effects on other parts. Building a facade system, as Federico Ramponi suggested, is a good start -- once everything has a C++ facade and is communicating through it, you can change the internals of the modules with fair certainty that they can't affect anything outside them.

We already had a partial C++ interface system in place (due to previous smaller refactoring efforts), so this approach wasn't difficult in our case. Once we had everything communicating as C++ objects (which took a few weeks, working on a completely separate source-code branch and integrating all changes to the main branch as they were approved), it was very seldom that we couldn't compile a totally working version before we left for the day.

The change-over isn't complete yet -- we've paused twice for interim releases (we aim for a point-release every few weeks), but it's well on the way, and no customer has complained about any problems. Our QA people have only found one problem that I recall, too. :-)

Answer from Head Geek on Stack Overflow
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Converting C source to C++ - Stack Overflow
Convert huge classes into instances with appropriate constructors and initialized cross-references; replace static member accesses with indirect accesses as appropriate; and get that working. Now, approach the project as an ill-factored OO application, and write unit tests where dependencies are tractable, and decompose into separate classes where they are not; the goal here would be to move from ... More on stackoverflow.com
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How to convert C++ Code to C - Stack Overflow
You code in C++, then when we need ... the C++, convert it into C, and deploy. Then you continue to edit the C++ code and we repeat. So there's no longer any advantage in C is there? 2015-03-19T15:25:24.96Z+00:00 ... It handles some code, but will fail for more complex implementations as it hasn't been fully updated for some of the modern C++ conventions. So try compiling your code frequently until you get a feel for what's allowed. Usage sytax from the command ... More on stackoverflow.com
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How can I convert my C code into C++?
param_t could use some operator overloading,arr_t can be replaced by std::span and ARRAY by std::array. The whole thing could probably be made constexpr as well. Beside that, the code is very straight forward so there isn't many opportunities to use C++ specific features. More on reddit.com
๐ŸŒ r/cpp_questions
9
3
May 12, 2024
How to convert C++ Code to C

Pretty much, yes.

The classes become structs with a (separate) set of functions; usually you prefix the names so itโ€™s clear what they act on. Youโ€™ll need to to manual de-/initialization too. E.g.,

class C {
private:
    int x;
public:
    C() : x(0) {}
    C(const C &c) : x(c.x) {}
    C(int xv) : x(xv) {}
    int getX() const {return x;}
};

becomes something like

typedef struct C C;
struct C {
    int x;
    /* If you need to, you can also partition this like
    struct {
        int x;
    } private__;
    but itโ€™s not like the C compiler will actually enforce privateness. */
};
void C_init_1(C *const inst) {inst->x = 0;}
void C_copy(C *const inst, const C *const c) {inst->x = c->x;}
void C_init_2(C *const inst, int cv) {inst->x = cv;}
int C_getX(const C *const inst) {return inst->x;}

If C extends something, it has to start with a copy of that thing; e.g.,

class D : public E, public F {โ€ฆ};

becomes

typedef struct D D;
struct D {
    E super_E;
    F super_F;
};

so static upcasting from D to E becomes &inst->super_E and the reverse is something like (struct D *)((char *)inst - offsetof(D, super_E)).

Virtual stuff gets into a whole other layer of crazy. A class with virtual members (including inherited ones) becomes something like

typedef struct V V;
struct V__vtable;
struct C {
    const struct V__vtable *vtable__;
    โ€ฆ
};
struct V__vtable {
    (virtual function pointers here)
};

and then you have to figure out a way to do dynamic casting (exercise for the reader:).

Templates usually end up as macros, and thereโ€™s really no good way to handle that uniformly; youโ€™ll have to manually come up with names for the template instantiations and make sure things get pasted together properly. They might not be as bad if you use a separate header for each template and take macro args (#undef at end of file), then #include the header whenever you need to instantiate the template.

So you can do it, but itโ€™s almost not worth it if you have any way to just shim into the C++ code from C. (E.g., come up with some extern "C" functions that let you access the C++ side of things.)

More on reddit.com
๐ŸŒ r/C_Programming
46
26
June 4, 2019
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Top answer
1 of 11
16

Having just started on pretty much the same thing a few months ago (on a ten-year-old commercial project, originally written with the "C++ is nothing but C with smart structs" philosophy), I would suggest using the same strategy you'd use to eat an elephant: take it one bite at a time. :-)

As much as possible, split it up into stages that can be done with minimal effects on other parts. Building a facade system, as Federico Ramponi suggested, is a good start -- once everything has a C++ facade and is communicating through it, you can change the internals of the modules with fair certainty that they can't affect anything outside them.

We already had a partial C++ interface system in place (due to previous smaller refactoring efforts), so this approach wasn't difficult in our case. Once we had everything communicating as C++ objects (which took a few weeks, working on a completely separate source-code branch and integrating all changes to the main branch as they were approved), it was very seldom that we couldn't compile a totally working version before we left for the day.

The change-over isn't complete yet -- we've paused twice for interim releases (we aim for a point-release every few weeks), but it's well on the way, and no customer has complained about any problems. Our QA people have only found one problem that I recall, too. :-)

2 of 11
14

What about:

  1. Compiling everything in C++'s C subset and get that working, and
  2. Implementing a set of facades leaving the C code unaltered?

Why is "translation into C++ mandatory"? You can wrap the C code without the pain of converting it into huge classes and so on.

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May 12, 2024 - To iterate over them, you either have to separately pass the length, wrap it in a struct like I did, or just used a fixed size (as far as I'm aware) How does the creation of the Adam struct work here? I used a create function for the adam struct to ensure m, v, and t weren't left uninitialized.