Try something like this

import requests
data='param1,state=test,param2=1 param3=2.932,param4=3250 1497064544944 '
p = requests.post('http://myServerAddress/write?db=some_data', data.encode())

The issue seems to be that you're missing a trailing slash '/' on the end of the URL. Without the trailing slash the server seems to redirect to a non-existent page and you get the 404.

To fix, just add a trailing slash:

requests.post('https://cleardata.proofhub.com/files/upload/', data=data, headers=create_headers)
#                                               Add slash ^

Turns out the headers I was supposed to have is

headers = {'X-Requested-With': 'Python requests', 'Content-type': 'text/xml'}

This doesn't handle errors, but should post a file to a server as an octet stream:

import requests
res = requests.post(url='http://example.com/post',
                    data=open('example.file', 'rb'),
                    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream'})

Basically what you do is correct. Looking at redmine docs you linked to, it seems that suffix after the dot in the url denotes type of posted data (.json for JSON, .xml for XML), which agrees with the response you get - Processing by AttachmentsController#upload as XML. I guess maybe there's a bug in docs and to post binary data you should try using http://redmine/uploads url instead of http://redmine/uploads.xml.

Btw, I highly recommend very good and very popular Requests library for http in Python. It's much better than what's in the standard lib (urllib2). It supports authentication as well but I skipped it for brevity here.

import requests
with open('./x.png', 'rb') as f:
    data = f.read()
res = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post',
                    data=data,
                    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream'})

# let's check if what we sent is what we intended to send...
import json
import base64

assert base64.b64decode(res.json()['data'][len('data:application/octet-stream;base64,'):]) == data

UPDATE

To find out why this works with Requests but not with urllib2 we have to examine the difference in what's being sent. To see this I'm sending traffic to http proxy (Fiddler) running on port 8888:

Using Requests

import requests

data = 'test data'
res = requests.post(url='http://localhost:8888',
                    data=data,
                    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream'})

we see

POST http://localhost:8888/ HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Content-Length: 9
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress
Accept: */*
User-Agent: python-requests/1.0.4 CPython/2.7.3 Windows/Vista

test data

and using urllib2

import urllib2

data = 'test data'    
req = urllib2.Request('http://localhost:8888', data)
req.add_header('Content-Length', '%d' % len(data))
req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream')
res = urllib2.urlopen(req)

we get

POST http://localhost:8888/ HTTP/1.1
Accept-Encoding: identity
Content-Length: 9
Host: localhost:8888
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Connection: close
User-Agent: Python-urllib/2.7

test data

I don't see any differences which would warrant different behavior you observe. Having said that it's not uncommon for http servers to inspect User-Agent header and vary behavior based on its value. Try to change headers sent by Requests one by one making them the same as those being sent by urllib2 and see when it stops working.

The curl -d switch sends a POST request, but you are using requests.get() instead, sending a GET request (whose body is ignored).

Make it a POST instead, by using request.post():

import requests
import json

url = "http://cdcnepal.com/Modules/HOmeMoviesLists/WebService2.asmx/GetShowsByDate"
headers = {"content-type": "application/json; charset=UTF-8"}
payload = {"portalId":"1","showDate":"26/05/2014","flag":0,"size":9}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(payload))
print r.text

You also need to:

1. not use a list for the content-type header, there is no support for paramaters being specified separately.
2. Encode your JSON data to a JSON string; requests doesn't do this for you. Instead, a dictionary passed to data is encoded as application/x-www-form-urlencoded data instead.

You can compare the curl command with requests more easily using http://httpbin.org/post:

$ curl http://httpbin.org/post \
>  -H 'Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8' \
>  -d '{"portalId":"1","showDate":"26/05/2014","flag":0,"size":9}'

{
  "args": {},
  "data": "{\"portalId\":\"1\",\"showDate\":\"26/05/2014\",\"flag\":0,\"size\":9}",
  "files": {},
  "form": {},
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "58",
    "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=UTF-8",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "curl/7.30.0",
    "X-Request-Id": "78d7bb7d-e29b-482b-908a-48d2395a050f"
  },
  "json": {
    "flag": 0,
    "portalId": "1",
    "showDate": "26/05/2014",
    "size": 9
  },
  "origin": "84.92.98.170",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

and

>>> import requests
>>> import json
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> headers = {"content-type":"application/json; charset=UTF-8"}
>>> payload = {"portalId":"1","showDate":"26/05/2014","flag":0,"size":9}
>>> r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(payload))
>>> pprint(r.json())
{u'args': {},
 u'data': u'{"portalId": "1", "flag": 0, "size": 9, "showDate": "26/05/2014"}',
 u'files': {},
 u'form': {},
 u'headers': {u'Accept': u'*/*',
              u'Accept-Encoding': u'gzip, deflate, compress',
              u'Connection': u'close',
              u'Content-Length': u'65',
              u'Content-Type': u'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
              u'Host': u'httpbin.org',
              u'User-Agent': u'python-requests/2.2.1 CPython/2.7.6 Darwin/13.1.0',
              u'X-Request-Id': u'06d6b542-c279-4898-8701-2c0d502aa36e'},
 u'json': {u'flag': 0,
           u'portalId': u'1',
           u'showDate': u'26/05/2014',
           u'size': 9},
 u'origin': u'84.92.98.170',
 u'url': u'http://httpbin.org/post'}

Both cases show the same json dictionary being returned.

If you are using requests version 2.4.2 or newer, you can also leave the JSON encoding to the library; it'll set the correct Content-Type header too, if you pass in the data to send as the json keyword argument:

import requests

url = "http://cdcnepal.com/Modules/HOmeMoviesLists/WebService2.asmx/GetShowsByDate"
payload = {"portalId":"1","showDate":"26/05/2014","flag":0,"size":9}
r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
print r.text

The requests library is meant to keep things like this simple:

import requests
r = requests.post('http://server/myapp/method', data={'aaa': 'bbb'})

Or depending on how the receiving end expects data:

import requests
r = requests.post('http://server/myapp/method',
    data=file('binary_data_file.bin','rb').read())

The "HTTP Error 500" may be from forgetting to include an index name or index type.

Also: for bulk inserts, elasticsearch requires a trailing "\n" character after the last record, or it won't insert that record.

Try:

import urllib2
import json

url = 'http://localhost:9200/myindex/mydoc/_bulk?pretty=true'

data = json.dumps({"index": {"_parent": "btaCovzjQhqrP4s3iPjZKQ"}}) + "\n" + json.dumps({"title":"hello"}) + "\n" + json.dumps({"index": {"_parent": "btaCovzjQhqrP4s3iPjZKQ"}}) + "\n" + json.dumps({"title":"world"})

req = urllib2.Request(url,data=data+"\n")

f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
print f.read()

Or, with some refactoring:

import urllib2
import json

url = 'http://localhost:9200/myindex/mydoc/_bulk?pretty=true'

data = [
    {"index": {"_parent": "btaCovzjQhqrP4s3iPjZKQ"}},
    {"title":"hello"},
    {"index": {"_parent": "btaCovzjQhqrP4s3iPjZKQ"}},
    {"title":"world"}
]

encoded_data = "\n".join(map(json.dumps,data)) + "\n"

req = urllib2.Request(url,data=encoded_data)

f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
print f.read()

Python requests its a great library for this kind of stuff. What you have there can be simply done by:

import requests

headers = {'content-type': 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'}
response = requests.post(url, data="<data>the data is here</data>", headers=headers)
with open("filename.xml", "w") as fd:
    fd.write(response.text)

The problem of pycurl and some other url and http client libraries for python is that it requires more effort than the one you should need to achieve something relatively simple. requests its way more user friendly and I think its what you are looking for on this problem.

Hope this helps