There are many different career paths within the cybersecurity field, many of which largely fall into two categories: “generalists” and “specialists”.

Generalists have broad knowledge and skill sets and are expected to juggle multiple responsibilities. For example, they might oversee security measures or encryption protocols. Project managers, analysts, auditors, and support staff are some of the titles associated with cybersecurity generalists.

A generalist path might be best suited for someone seeking to rise to the management ranks, which often requires a broad knowledge of the various aspects of information security to make informed, strategic decisions alongside a number of teams.

On the other hand, specialists usually have expertise in specific tools and technologies, with advanced knowledge in a specific niche within the cybersecurity field. For example, an Identity and Access Management (IAM) Specialist focuses mainly on managing and controlling user access to systems, data, and applications within an organization. Meanwhile, someone specializing in penetration testing will simulate cyber attacks to identify weaknesses in systems, networks, and applications before malicious hackers can exploit them.

A specialist path allows you to develop niche expertise that few others have, which can give you a competitive edge in the job market.

CompTiaSecurity+ is an internationally-recognized certification that validates baseline cybersecurity skills. With the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) designation, you’ll learn how to assess risk, respond to incidents proactively, and implement enterprise governance.

The Certified Information Security Auditors (CISA) is a global certification for professionals conducting audits to assess IT and business systems within an organization.

Additionally, the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) requires 5+ years of work experience and showcases a cybersecurity professional’s ability to lead information security initiatives within an organization.

Here, you can learn more about the best cybersecurity certification programs of 2024.

You’ll need technical and problem-solving skills to become a cybersecurity expert. However, the specific competencies you’ll need will depend on the size and type of company that employs you. For example, someone in a network security role at a small company or organization might be expected to secure basic network infrastructure. Larger organizations might require expertise in managing and designing network security architecture.

Cybersecurity experts should have a foundational understanding of networking, cloud computing, and network topologies, knowledge of program syntax, familiarity with operating systems and how they work, and an understanding of VPNs, anti-virus principles, and firewalls.

Soft skills that will make you an ideal candidate for a job in cybersecurity include good oral and written communication skills, especially when it comes to explaining technical issues to those who aren’t tech-savvy, as well as good problem-solving abilities and the tenacity to work well under pressure.