Let's first understand what range actually does. range, in its most basic version, takes a single integer as its parameter (in your case, x). It gives a list of integers (in Python 2) as the output (list in English is pretty much the same as list in python, but I'm not going into details here). The list contains numbers starting from 0 to the parameter, 0 included ... More on stackoverflow.com

In other languages, the random range functionality is inclusive on both ends, because it allows expressing the entire range of a given type without exhausting the bounds of that type. For example, in C++ if you wanted any valid positive integer, then you can write std::uniform_int_distribution(0, INT_MAX). If it were not inclusive, you would have to write INT_MAX + 1 which is very problematic because that value can't be expressed as an int, which is a requirement since the constructor takes the same type as the template type, which is int in this example. So it would be impossible to specify the entire range, therefore the range must be inclusive. Such things are irrelevant in Python because integers are unbounded, but Python is probably just copying the interface that people are most comfortable and used to. And Python provides randrange() if you want a version that uses the familiar half-open interval. More on reddit.com

You can think of range as returning a sequence of numbers. Since we use the syntax for in : to loop or iterate over a sequence, naturally we can put a range as the sequence. Does that help? More on reddit.com

An integer stores the value of an integer, and the value of an integer doesn't include leading zeroes. What you want is a specially formatted string representation of your integer like one of these:

>>> x = 33
>>> url = "http://url.com/"

>>> url + format(x, "06.0f")
'http://url.com/000033'

>>> "%s%06.0f" % (url, x)
'http://url.com/000033'

>>> "{}{:06.0f}".format(url, x)
'http://url.com/000033'

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