Your library is a dynamic library. You need to tell the operating system where it can locate it at runtime.

To do so, we will need to do those easy steps:

1. Find where the library is placed if you don't know it.

   sudo find / -name the_name_of_the_file.so
   

2. Check for the existence of the dynamic library path environment variable(LD_LIBRARY_PATH)

   echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   

   If there is nothing to be displayed, add a default path value (or not if you wish to)

   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
   

3. We add the desired path, export it and try the application.

   Note that the path should be the directory where the path.so.something is. So if path.so.something is in /my_library/path.so.something, it should be:

   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/my_library/
   

Reference to source

The error you see indicates that one of the programs "shared libraries" (which provide functions that your program needs) is not available.

In this case, the actual shared library that is missing is called libboost_system.so. If we search the apt repositories for something with a similar name, we get the following packages:

$ apt-cache search libboost system
[...]
libboost-system-dev - Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library (default version)
libboost-system1.54-dev - Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
libboost-system1.54.0 - Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
libboost1.54-dev - Boost C++ Libraries development files
[...]

So, you should be able to fix this by installing that libboost-system package:

sudo apt-get install libboost-system1.54.0

The actual version number may change, depending on the version of Ubuntu that you're running.

Note that the actual library that your program requested was libboost_system.so.1.49.0, which doesn't match the version available in Ubuntu. So, you may need to get a different build of that program, which uses the Ubuntu version of that library.

You may see further missing library messages after installing that package; if that's the case, repeat the process with the new library name.

From ldd, it is clear that prime is a 32bit/i386 build. It requires dependencies from same architecture. We may confirm too using:

file ./prime

We search for each missing library file using apt-file (if installed, be aware it downloads large indexes) or https://packages.ubuntu.com for corresponding package then install it.

sudo apt install libsigsegv2:i386 \
libsdl1.2debian:i386 libsdl-image1.2:i386 liblua5.1-0:i386 \
libsdl-mixer1.2:i386 libsdl-net1.2:i386 

This most likely means that the library your program is looking for is not installed. To find out what package this library is in, do this (if apt-file is not found, run sudo apt install apt-file && sudo apt update first):

apt-file search liblapacke.so.3

Your output will be something like this:

liblapacke: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblapacke.so.3

So, install the package as normal:

sudo apt install liblapacke

Create a symbolic link

• If you have the file /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.55.0

  64-bit

  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.55.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1
  

  32-bit

  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.55.0 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1
  

• If you have the file /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0

  64-bit

  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1
  

  32-bit

  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1
  

Alternative

Download and install the packages from here.

For Ubuntu 18.04 LTS you have to install the relevant package with this library

sudo apt-get install libsfml-system2.4

and other similar libraries using

sudo apt-get install libsfml-window2.4 libsfml-graphics2.4 libsfml-audio2.4

or install all of them including development headers by

sudo apt-get install libsfml-dev

On newer Ubuntu versions (starting from 20.04 LTS) you have to download deb-packages from 18.04 LTS repository of such libraries manually by

cd ~/Downloads
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libs/libsfml/libsfml-audio2.4_2.4.2+dfsg-4_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libs/libsfml/libsfml-graphics2.4_2.4.2+dfsg-4_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libs/libsfml/libsfml-network2.4_2.4.2+dfsg-4_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libs/libsfml/libsfml-system2.4_2.4.2+dfsg-4_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libs/libsfml/libsfml-window2.4_2.4.2+dfsg-4_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install ./libsfml*.deb

and then enjoy the game.

You have to install the package which provides the libQt5WebEngineWidgets.so.5 file by

sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libqt5webenginewidgets5

and then retry launching application.

But the libQt5QmlModels is not available for 20.04 LTS, right. You have to ask Mail.ru to make their great app compatible with LTS version. Or upgrade to Ubuntu 21.04 only to get this application to work.

You have to reinstall the proper library from official Ubuntu package by using commands below:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libxapian30 libxapian-dev

and then retry running Synaptic.

you can either

install the supplied .deb file available from

https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/libpng12-0/download

http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libp/libpng/libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i ./libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb

or compile and install :

download source code https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/libpng12-0

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libp/libpng/libpng_1.2.54.orig.tar.xz

tar xvf  libpng_1.2.54.orig.tar.xz 

cd libpng-1.2.54
./autogen.sh
./configure
make -j8 
sudo make install

then update the links with:

sudo ldconfig

prior to any of this assure your machine has these preliminary packages installed ... baseline for any dev kit

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade 
sudo apt-get install libtool autoconf build-essential pkg-config automake tcsh

good news is freesurfer 7 on Ubuntu 20.04 runs fine out of the box