statistical concept
Wikipedia
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Null hypothesis - Wikipedia
3 weeks ago - Null hypotheses that assert the equality of effect of two or more alternative treatments, for example, a drug and a placebo, are used to reduce scientific claims based on statistical noise. This is the most popular null hypothesis; It is so popular that many statements about significant testing assume such null hypotheses.
Scribbr
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Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
January 24, 2025 - The null and alternative hypotheses ... against using a statistical test: Null hypothesis (H0): There’s no effect in the population. Alternative hypothesis (Ha or H1): There’s an effect in the population. The effect is usually the effect of the independent variable on the ...
Videos
What is a hypothesis?
A hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, you might have to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of your research question. · A hypothesis is not just a guess — it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).
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Hypothesis Testing | A Step-by-Step Guide with Easy Examples
What symbols are used to represent null hypotheses?
The null hypothesis is often abbreviated as H0. When the null hypothesis is written using mathematical symbols, it always includes an equality symbol (usually =, but sometimes ≥ or ≤).
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Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
What’s the difference between a research hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis?
A research hypothesis is your proposed answer to your research question. The research hypothesis usually includes an explanation (“x affects y because …”). · A statistical hypothesis, on the other hand, is a mathematical statement about a population parameter. Statistical hypotheses always come in pairs: the null and alternative hypotheses. In a well-designed study, the statistical hypotheses correspond logically to the research hypothesis.
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Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
Statistics By Jim
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Null Hypothesis: Definition, Rejecting & Examples - Statistics By Jim
November 7, 2022 - For example, a study assesses the relationship between screen time and test performance. The null states that there is no correlation between this pair of variables. As screen time increases, test performance does not tend to increase or decrease.
Open Textbook BC
opentextbc.ca › researchmethods › chapter › understanding-null-hypothesis-testing
Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing – Research Methods in Psychology – 2nd Canadian Edition
October 13, 2015 - It is extremely useful to be able to develop this kind of intuitive judgment. One reason is that it allows you to develop expectations about how your formal null hypothesis tests are going to come out, which in turn allows you to detect problems in your analyses. For example, if your sample relationship is strong and your sample is medium, then you would expect to reject the null hypothesis.
Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › hypothesis testing | a step-by-step guide with easy examples
Hypothesis Testing | A Step-by-Step Guide with Easy Examples
June 22, 2023 - In some cases, researchers choose a more conservative level of significance, such as 0.01 (1%). This minimizes the risk of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (Type I error). Hypothesis testing exampleIn your analysis of the difference in average height between men and women, you find that the p-value of 0.002 is below your cutoff of 0.05, so you decide to reject your null hypothesis of no difference.
Investopedia
investopedia.com › terms › n › null_hypothesis.asp
Null Hypothesis: What Is It and How Is It Used in Investing?
May 8, 2025 - Take another example: The annual return of a particular mutual fund is claimed to be 8%. Assume that the mutual fund has been in existence for 20 years. The null hypothesis is that the mean return is not 8% for the mutual fund. We take a random sample of annual returns of the mutual fund for, say, five years (sample) and calculate the sample mean. We then compare the (calculated) sample mean to the (claimed) population mean (8%) to test the null hypothesis.
National University
resources.nu.edu › statsresources › hypothesis
Null & Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics Resources - LibGuides at National University
Null Hypothesis: H0: There is no difference in the salary of factory workers based on gender.
PubMed Central
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC5635437
Null hypothesis significance testing: a short tutorial - PMC
Maybe it would be possible to explain this better with the tried-and-tested example of tossing a coin. So in Fisher approach you do a number of coin tosses to test whether the coin is unbiased (Null hypothesis); you can then work out p as the probability of the null given a specific set of ...
Lumen Learning
courses.lumenlearning.com › introstats1 › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Introduction to Statistics
This practice is acceptable because we only make the decision to reject or not reject the null hypothesis. H0: No more than 30% of the registered voters in Santa Clara County voted in the primary election. p ≤ 30 · Ha: More than 30% of the registered voters in Santa Clara County voted in the primary election. p > 30 · A medical trial is conducted to test whether or not a new medicine reduces cholesterol by 25%. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
YouTube
youtube.com › statquest with josh starmer
Hypothesis Testing and The Null Hypothesis - YouTube
One of the most basic concepts in statistics is hypothesis testing and something called The Null Hypothesis. This video breaks these concepts down into easy ...
Published July 5, 2020 Views 29K
Psychstat
advstats.psychstat.org › book › hypothesis › index.php
Null hypothesis testing -- Advanced Statistics using R
For example, to answer the research question in Step 1, we would need to compare the memory test score for two groups of participants, those who receive training and those who do not. Let \(\mu_1\) and \(\mu_2\) be the population means of the two groups. The null hypothesis \(H_0\) should be ...
Washington State University
opentext.wsu.edu › carriecuttler › chapter › 13-2-some-basic-null-hypothesis-tests
13.2 Some Basic Null Hypothesis Tests – Research Methods in Psychology
Conduct and interpret one-sample, dependent-samples, and independent-samples t- tests. Interpret the results of one-way, repeated measures, and factorial ANOVAs. Conduct and interpret null hypothesis tests of Pearson’s r.
Real-Statistics
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Null & Alternative Hypothesis | Real Statistics Using Excel
May 31, 2025 - For example, suppose the cloud seeding is expected to decrease rainfall. Then the null hypothesis would be as follows: H0: µ ≥ 20 (i.e. average rainfall does not decrease after cloud seeding) H1: µ < 20 (i.e. average rain decreases after cloud seeding) ... Two-tailed hypothesis testing doesn’t specify the direction of the test.
Investopedia
investopedia.com › terms › h › hypothesistesting.asp
Hypothesis Testing: 4 Steps and Example
July 16, 2025 - If a researcher wants to test if a penny is fair, the null hypothesis would state that the probability of landing on heads is exactly 50%. The alternative hypothesis would assert that the probability of landing on heads is not 50%. Mathematically, ...
Optimizely
optimizely.com › optimization-glossary › null-hypothesis
What is a null hypothesis? - Optimizely
June 10, 2025 - In marketing, you might test whether "changing the color of the 'Subscribe' button from red to green does not affect conversion rates." Here the null hypothesis assumes both colors have identical conversion rates. While educators could test "there is no difference in average test scores between students using the new teaching method versus the traditional method." These examples highlight why the null hypothesis framework is essential for data-driven decision-making.
Statistics How To
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Hypothesis Testing - Statistics How To
November 5, 2024 - This page contains two hypothesis testing examples for one sample z-tests. ... Can’t see the video? Click here to watch it on YouTube. A principal at a certain school claims that the students in his school are above average intelligence. A random sample of thirty students IQ scores have a mean score of 112.5. Is there sufficient evidence to support the principal’s claim? The mean population IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15. Step 1: State the Null hypothesis.
GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › mathematics › null-hypothesis
Null Hypothesis | Meaning, Symbol, Formula, Test & Alternate Hypothesis - GeeksforGeeks
August 6, 2025 - Example 1: A researcher claims that the average time students spend on homework is 2 hours per night. ... Null Hypothesis (H0): The average time students spend on homework is equal to 2 hours per night.
Open Textbook BC
opentextbc.ca › researchmethods › chapter › some-basic-null-hypothesis-tests
Some Basic Null Hypothesis Tests – Research Methods in Psychology – 2nd Canadian Edition
October 13, 2015 - Conduct and interpret one-sample, dependent-samples, and independent-samples t tests. Interpret the results of one-way, repeated measures, and factorial ANOVAs. Conduct and interpret null hypothesis tests of Pearson’s r.
Washington State University
opentext.wsu.edu › carriecuttler › chapter › 13-1-understanding-null-hypothesis-testing
13.1 Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing – Research Methods in Psychology
It is extremely useful to be able to develop this kind of intuitive judgment. One reason is that it allows you to develop expectations about how your formal null hypothesis tests are going to come out, which in turn allows you to detect problems in your analyses. For example, if your sample relationship is strong and your sample is medium, then you would expect to reject the null hypothesis.