Maybe simple...

sudo apt-get install gcc

... could be enough?

On systems using the GCC suite of compilers, the C++ compiler is g++ (cpp is the C preprocessor).

A common name to find a C++ compiler under is c++. This is often a symbolic link to an appropriate C++ compiler such as g++ or clang++ or whatever the installed system compiler is (if it is installed).

The error message from the configure script indicates that there is no C++ compiler installed on your system. On your Linux, the C++ compiler is installed separately from the C compiler.

To install the GCC C++ compiler on CentOS:

yum install gcc-c++

RHEL / CentOS

yum install gcc should work. Try sudo yum install gcc.

If yum groupinstall "Development Tools" does not work, add sudo in front of it as well.

Check your repositories: yum repolist all

" error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ". the installation failed because of missing python-devel and some dependencies.

the best way to correct gcc problem:

You need to reinstall gcc , gcc-c++ and dependencies.

For python 2.7

$ sudo yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel
$ sudo yum -y install python-devel libxslt-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel
$ pip install "your python packet"

For python 3.4

$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev
$ pip install "your python packet"

Hope this will help.

Install the suite of development tools first. Then go back to compile the software.

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

You could need much more than just the compiler. The Development Tools package includes the core development tools like automake, gcc, perl, python, flex, make, gdb, bison, and many more. To list all of the software in the package group, use yum as follows.

yum group info 'Development Tools'

For Fedora 20 (at least), you'll additionally need to install gcc-c++.

For Debian-based systems, install the suite of development tools as follows.

apt-get install build-essential

In Void Linux, it's xbps-install -Su base-devel, which provides m4, autoconf, automake, bc, binutils, bison, ed, libfl-devel, flex, libgcc-devel, kernel-libc-headers, glibc-devel, isl, cloog, mpfr, libmpc, gcc, libstdc++-devel, gcc-c++, gettext-libs, gettext, groff, libtool, make, patch, pkg-config, texinfo, unzip, and xz.

FROM centos:centos7
RUN yum update -y
RUN yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y    
RUN yum install wget -y
RUN curl -O https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-7.3.0/gcc-7.3.0.tar.gz
RUN tar xzf gcc-7.3.0.tar.gz
RUN cd gcc-7.3.0
RUN ./contrib/download_prerequisites
RUN cd ..
RUN mkdir gcc-build
RUN cd gcc-build
RUN ../gcc-7.3.0/configure                           \
    --enable-shared                                  \
    --enable-threads=posix                           \
    --enable-__cxa_atexit                            \
    --enable-clocale=gnu                             \
    --disable-multilib                               \
    --enable-languages=all
RUN make
# (Go make a cup of ice tea :)
RUN make install

To save the build time you can create a new docker from the running docker using "docker commit" or save /usr/local to a tar file and open it on any other fresh centos7 docker.

Sounds like you are missing the gcc binary. It's part of the gcc package:

$ rpm -qf /usr/bin/gcc
gcc-3.4.6-11.el4_8.1

It seems odd that you would not have that package installed, but try installing it with yum:

$ yum install gcc

that should go out to the standard repositories on the internet and grab the package and any dependencies and install them.