You can browse using gitweb at https://gcc.gnu.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=gcc.git
From there, goto tree views and navigate to the parts of the AVR backend:
gcc/config/avr/: The GCC AVR backendlibgcc/config/avr/: The AVR specific part of the libgcc runtimegcc/testsuite/gcc.target/avr/: AVR-specific parts of the test suitegcc/common/config/avr/: Part of the backend that's common to the compiler proper (cc1,cc1plus) and the compiler driver (avr-gcc,avr-g++).
Most convenient is to browse on file, so you would
$ git clone git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git SomeLocalDir
When you are interested in a specific branch or tag, like branches/releases/gcc-14 or tags/releases/gcc-14.1.0, you can navigate to that ref and browse from there.
What is the relation to LLVM?
I don't understand that question. LLVM is a different compiler (infrastructure) with it's own runtime. It has nothing to do with GCC (claims at least).
What do "they" use for regression testing architecture specific routines;
See Installing GCC: Testing → How to test GCC on a simulator → avr → AVRtest → README: Running the avr-gcc Testsuite using the AVRtest Simulator
is there something I could easily use myself?
Yes it's easy enough to compile AVRtest, for example. Notice that AVRtest is just an AVR core simulator; no peripherals are simulated. When you prefer avr-gdb, see SimulAVR and AVaRICE.
Answer from emacs drives me nuts on Stack OverflowUse the svn ls svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches to see all branches. You will then see the latest branch for GCC is gcc-4_9-branch/.
Then use the svn to checkout the latest branch. In this case it will be:
svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_9-branch gcc
You will then be able to compile it using the make file provided.
If you want the latest release, it's probably easier to download a tarball from the ftp site.
Currently it's under ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.1/