1. You need to install Docker for Windows.

2. Share drive for Docker (in Docker's settings > shared drives). For example, drive E:

   

3. Then, you need to create 3 directories on drive E: (e:\gitlab\config, e:\gitlab\logs, e:\gitlab\data)

4. From the Command Prompt, run:

   docker run --detach --hostname gitlab.yourdomain.ru 
   --publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 22:22 --name gitlab 
   --restart always --volume e:\gitlab\config:/etc/gitlab 
   --volume e:\gitlab\logs:/var/log/gitlab 
   --volume e:\gitlab\data:/var/opt/gitlab gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
   

That's it! You have now successfully run GitLab image.

Since January 2020 it is possible to build a windows container using online service using the Windows Shared Runners (beta).

Today, we are happy to announce that Windows Shared Runners hosted by GitLab is available in beta. As we are starting to roll out this important service to our community, we invite you to help shape the direction of CI/CD tooling for the Windows ecosystem on GitLab.com

For instance, using the following .gitlab-ci.yml

windows:
  stage: build
  tags:
  - shared-windows
  - windows
  - windows-1809
  script:
  - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
  - docker build -t ${CI_REGISTRY}/${CI_PROJECT_PATH}:${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG} . 
  - docker push ${CI_REGISTRY}/${CI_PROJECT_PATH}:${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}

With a simple Dockerfile

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2019
CMD echo "Hello World from Windows"

The pipeline execution result