For a dataframe df, one can use any of the following:

• len(df.index)
• df.shape[0]
• df[df.columns[0]].count() (== number of non-NaN values in first column)

Code to reproduce the plot:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import perfplot

perfplot.save(
    "out.png",
    setup=lambda n: pd.DataFrame(np.arange(n * 3).reshape(n, 3)),
    n_range=[2**k for k in range(25)],
    kernels=[
        lambda df: len(df.index),
        lambda df: df.shape[0],
        lambda df: df[df.columns[0]].count(),
    ],
    labels=["len(df.index)", "df.shape[0]", "df[df.columns[0]].count()"],
    xlabel="Number of rows",
)