Not everything with an IP address is a computer - I found none of these suggestions returned all active IP addresses - in fact most returned very few. My home network has a combination of wired and wireless devices and two routers, mobile phones, TV, PVR, Apple AirPort and probably a few things I have forgotten. I used the following to scan all addresses on the 192.168.1.xxx subnet:

for /L %i in (0,1,255) do ping -n 1 -w 250 192.168.1.%i>>ipaddress.txt

The resulting file ipaddress.txt contains the ping results for all addresses and I looked for those with "Received = 1" - currently 16 addresses returned a result - I only have 4 computers in the house - and they were not all on.

Answer from Clifford on Stack Exchange
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Angry IP Scanner
angryip.org
Angry IP Scanner - the original IP scanner for Windows, Mac and Linux
Provides command-line interface · Over 29 million downloads · Free and open-source · Works on Windows, Mac and Linux · Installation not required Free Download · Angry IP Scanner (or simply ipscan) is an open-source and cross-platform network scanner designed to be fast and simple to use.
Discussions

A simple powershell network scanner
There is a WMI class that I believe exposes the local cache on the Windows machine from which it is queried. I did not write this but I modified it to meet my needs a long time ago. ## I have the IP NET range hard coded but you can paramterize that if you wanted to or hard code your own. $ComputerName = 1..255 | ForEach-Object { "10.204.13.$_" } $Addresses = $ComputerName -join "' or Address='" $Filter = "(Address='$Addresses') and ResolveAddressNames='True' and timeout=1000 and ResolveAddressNames=True and StatusCode=0" Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PingStatus -Filter $Filter | Sort-Object ProtocolAddressResolved | Select-Object -Property Address,ProtocolAddressResolved More on reddit.com
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Scan For IP Addresses Without 3rd party Tools
I need to scan for alive IP addresses connected to one NIC in a sever 2012 system but can’t use tools like Angry IP or NMAP. Is there something built into windows server that will yield similar results? Addresses are all static assigned. More on community.spiceworks.com
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Need to pull windows printer IP addresses remotely via CMD.
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All IPs CONNECTED TO A SWITCH USING CMD
Hello My computer connected to PLC network and has the ip 192.168.1.33. This Ethernet switch connects to some remote Ethernet switches of some connected machines with a lot of devices. All switches share the first 3 Octans. I have tried to use the CMD to find all devices IPs connected that are... More on plctalk.net
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How do I scan subnet for IP addresses?
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  4. If the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 the first three sections in your own IP address applies to the entire subnet
  5. Use the command for /l %i in (1,1,254) do @ping X.Y.Z.%i -w 10 -n 1 | find “Reply” where X.Y.Z is the first part of your own IP address
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4

Angry IP scanner has command-line support, however it can not display results in the prompt. It can however write to a file that you later can display in your command prompt.

For example:

C:\Users\<NAME>\Downloads>ipscan-3.0-beta4.exe -f:range 10.0.0.10 10.0.0.20 -s -q

Initiates a scan that scans the range 192.168.1.10 - 192.168.1.20

C:\Users\<NAME>\Downloads>ipscan-3.0-beta4.exe -f:range 10.0.0.10 10.0.0.20 -s -q -o log.txt

Initiates a scan that scans the range 192.168.1.10 - 192.168.1.20 and writes the results to log.txt

type log.txt

Would then print the log file to the command prompt like so:

Generated by Angry IP Scanner 3.0-beta4
http://www.azib.net/ipscan/

Scanned 10.0.0.130 - 10.0.0.140
8-jul-2010 10:53:38

IP              Ping            Hostname                Ports
10.0.0.130      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.131      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.132      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.133      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.134      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.135      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.136      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.137      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.138      1 ms            HOSTNAM                 [n/s]
10.0.0.139      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]
10.0.0.140      [n/a]           [n/s]                   [n/s]

These are the commands for Angry IP scanner:

Pass the following arguments:
[options] <feeder> <exporter>

Where <feeder> is one of:
-f:range <Start IP> <End IP>
-f:random <Base IP> <IP Mask> <Count>
-f:file <File>

<exporter> is one of:
-o filename.txt     Text file (txt)
-o filename.csv     Comma-separated file (csv)
-o filename.xml     XML file (xml)
-o filename.lst     IP:Port list (lst)

And possible [options] are (grouping allowed):
-s  start scanning automatically
-q  quit after exporting the results
-a  append to the file, do not overwrite
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nmap - http://nmap.org/ - is an excellent portscanner which will do name lookup.

If you are simply looking to get a list of machine names from Windows (I'm guessing, given you refer to the "Command Prompt") you could simply usenet view

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Microsoft Learn
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Using the PortQry command-line tool - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn
At the interactive mode command prompt, enter n 10.0.1.10. This command produces output that resembles the following excerpt: ... To send a DNS query, enter q dns at the interactive mode command prompt. This command produces output that resembles the following excerpt: resolving service name using local services file... UDP port resolved to the 'domain' service IP address resolved to myserver.contoso.com querying... UDP port 53 (domain service): LISTENING > By default, every Windows-based computer has a Services file that's located in the %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\Drivers\Etc folder.
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Advanced IP Scanner
advanced-ip-scanner.com
Advanced IP Scanner - Download Free Network Scanner
Compatible with Windows 11, 10, 8, 7 · Reliable and free network scanner to analyze LAN. The program shows all network devices, gives you access to shared folders, provides remote control of computers (via RDP and Radmin), and can even remotely switch computers off.