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2025 armed conflict in the Middle East

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The Iran–Israel war (13 June – 24 June 2025), also known as the Twelve-Day War, was an armed conflict in the Middle East. The war began when Israel bombed military and nuclear … Wikipedia
Factsheet
Belligerents
Israel United States Iran
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Factsheet
Belligerents
Israel United States Iran
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Iran–Israel_war
Iran–Israel war - Wikipedia
1 day ago - It could be within a few months, less than a year." He convened the security cabinet as the situation unfolded. In the early hours of 13 June 2025, the IDF attacked dozens of Iranian nuclear facilities, military bases and infrastructure installations, and key military commanders.
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ACLED
acleddata.com › qa › qa-twelve-days-shook-region-inside-iran-israel-war
Q&A | Twelve days that shook the region: Inside the Iran-Israel war | ACLED
In the first quarter of 2025, Israel’s significant military gains had reduced that number to fewer than 20 (see graph below). Israel had been preparing for military action against Iran for years, though this was delayed for several reasons, including opposition by successive US administrations.14 Now it perceived a moment of vulnerability: Iran’s partners in the Axis of Resistance were significantly weakened, or, in Syria’s case, collapsed, while Israeli airstrikes last October compromised Iran’s air defense systems.
People also ask

What were the targets of Israel’s operation against Iran on June 13, 2025?
The operation targeted nuclear facilities, military sites, and regime infrastructure in Iran. It killed several top military leaders—most notably Hossein Salami, the head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and Mohammed Bagheri, the chief of staff of the armed forces—as well as several nuclear scientists.
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britannica.com
britannica.com › world history › wars, battles & armed conflicts
Israel-Iran Conflict (2025) | Strike, Ceasefire, Attack, Nuclear ...
Who is more powerful, Iran or Israel?
Iran and Israel both have formidable military might. Iran has a general advantage in numbers, with some 600,000 active personnel (and 350,000 reservists) compared to Israel’s 170,000 (and 450,000 reservists). Iran also has a greater amount of tanks, artillery, and naval force, and has cultivated an expansive network of allied militant groups and state-controlled armed forces (known as the Axis of Resistance) that are bolstered by its clandestine Quds Force. Israel has an advantage in technology and air force, as well as one of the world’s most effective intelligence services. In strikes in 202
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britannica.com
britannica.com › world history › wars, battles & armed conflicts
Israel-Iran Conflict (2025) | Strike, Ceasefire, Attack, Nuclear ...
What triggered the direct confrontations between Israel and Iran?
The confrontations followed years of enmity between the two countries during which Iran extended its military reach in the region, directed hostility toward Israel, and built a nuclear program. The Israel-Hamas War, which diminished some of Iran’s allies and revealed Iran’s military vulnerabilities, brought matters to a head.
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britannica.com
britannica.com › world history › wars, battles & armed conflicts
Israel-Iran Conflict (2025) | Strike, Ceasefire, Attack, Nuclear ...
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European Union Institute for Security Studies
iss.europa.eu › publications › briefs › israel-and-iran-brink-preventing-next-war
Israel and Iran on the brink: Preventing the next war | European Union Institute for Security Studies
October 3, 2025 - The 12-day war of June 2025 marks a watershed moment: Israel, Iran and the United States demonstrated unprecedented willingness to engage in direct military confrontation. After Israel’s large-scale strikes inside Iran on 13 June broke the ...
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Encyclopedia Britannica
britannica.com › world history › wars, battles & armed conflicts
Israel-Iran Conflict (2025) | Strike, Ceasefire, Attack, Nuclear Program, Map, & United States | Britannica
June 13, 2025 - On June 13, 2025, Israel conducted a major operation against Iran. The anticipated attack, which targeted nuclear facilities, military sites, and regime infrastructure, followed nearly two years of war between Israel and Iran-backed militant ...
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Al Jazeera
aljazeera.com › news › israel-iran conflict
Visualising 12 days of the Israel-Iran conflict | Israel-Iran conflict News | Al Jazeera
June 27, 2025 - An intense 12‑day conflict between Israel and Iran erupted on June 13, 2025, after Israel launched air strikes on Iranian military and nuclear sites, killing key nuclear scientists and military commanders.
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Foreign Policy Research Institute
fpri.org › articles › humiliation and transformation: the islamic republic after the 12-day war
Humiliation and Transformation: The Islamic Republic After the 12-Day War - Foreign Policy Research Institute
November 11, 2025 - The 12-Day War between Iran and Israel in June 2025 exposed critical weaknesses in the Islamic Republic’s military, strategic, and ideological frameworks, marking a turning point for the regime.
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House of Commons Library
commonslibrary.parliament.uk › house of commons library › research briefings › research briefing › iran: impacts of june 2025 israel and us strikes
Iran: Impacts of June 2025 Israel and US strikes - House of Commons Library
1 day ago - From 13 June 2025, Israel launched a series of strikes against Iran’s nuclear program, ballistic missile sites, and energy facilities, stating its aim was to stop Iran developing a nuclear weapon (Iran says it has not been developing a nuclear ...
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Arab Center DC
arabcenterdc.org › home › the 2025 israel-iran war: the american dimension
The 2025 Israel-Iran War: The American Dimension
June 17, 2025 - On June 13, 2025, that opportunity became a reality. Indeed, a long-held wish came true for Netanyahu and was made possible by the presence of a supportive or, at the very least, sympathetic administration in Washington.
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Institute for the Study of War
understandingwar.org › home › iran update, december 30, 2025
Iran Update, December 30, 2025 | ISW
1 week ago - Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and US President Donald Trump discussed Hezbollah’s disarmament during a meeting on December 29.[107] A US official and other unspecified sources told Axios that Netanyahu described his concerns about Hezbollah rebuilding its military capabilities to Trump.[108] Israeli officials have warned since at least October 2025 that Hezbollah is rapidly reconstituting its military infrastructure and replenishing its weapons stockpiles via domestic production and smuggling.[109] Trump stated that Hezbollah “has been behaving badly” and that “we’ll see what happens” in response to a reporter’s question about whether Israel should strike Hezbollah in Lebanon.[110] It is unclear if Trump and Netanyahu discussed or agreed to any of the various recently-proposed initiatives aimed at preventing renewed fighting in Lebanon.
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › June_2025_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran
June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran
November 16, 2025 - He convened the security cabinet as the situation unfolded. In the early hours of 13 June 2025, the IDF attacked dozens of Iranian nuclear facilities, military bases and infrastructure installations, and key military commanders.
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › June_2025_Iranian_strikes_on_Israel
June 2025 Iranian strikes on Israel
October 2, 2025 - He convened the security cabinet as the situation unfolded. In the early hours of 13 June 2025, the IDF attacked dozens of Iranian nuclear facilities, military bases and infrastructure installations, and key military commanders.
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › 2025_Iran–Israel_war_ceasefire
2025 Iran–Israel war ceasefire
October 12, 2025 - English Wikisource has original text related to this article: President Trump on the ceasefire violations on 24 June 2025 · A ceasefire between Iran and Israel took effect on 24 June 2025, ending the Iran–Israel war.
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Institute for the Study of War
understandingwar.org › home › iran update, december 1, 2025
Iran Update, December 1, 2025 | ISW
December 2, 2025 - An Israeli security source told Israeli media on November 30 that Iran is attempting to rearm its regional partners, including the Houthis, Hezbollah, and unspecified groups in the West Bank and Syria, for potential action against Israel.[1] The source added that Iran is in “an arms race” because Iran understands that Israel will launch an operation in Lebanon if the Lebanese government fails to meet the United States’ December 31 deadline to disarm Hezbollah.[2] A political council member of Iranian-backed Iraqi militia Harakat Hezbollah al Nujaba told Iranian media on December 1 that I
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Foreign Policy
foreignpolicy.com › 2025 › 08 › 11 › israel-iran-war-trump-nuclear-august-december
Will Trump Take Part in the Next War Between Israel and Iran?
August 28, 2025 - Iran · Middle East and North Africa · August 11, 2025, 11:55 AM · Ongoing reports and analysis · Israel is likely to launch another war with Iran before December—perhaps even as early as late August.
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Institute for the Study of War
understandingwar.org › home › iran update, december 22, 2025
Iran Update, December 22, 2025 | ISW
2 weeks ago - This calculation is based on Iran reaching a production rate of about 300 ballistic missiles per month.[13] The Wall Street Journal reported in June 2025, during the war, that Israel was “running low on defensive Arrow interceptors.”[14] ...
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The Guardian
theguardian.com › world › 2025 › jun › 21 › israel-iran-war-outcome-us-analysis
Outcome of Israel’s war with Iran is uncertain even if US joins conflict | Israel | The Guardian
June 22, 2025 - Sat 21 Jun 2025 05.00 EDTLast modified on Sun 22 Jun 2025 07.39 EDT ... Israel’s assault on Iran, including its nuclear and ballistic weapons programme, is unlikely to secure its long-term strategic objectives, even if Benjamin Netanyahu manages to persuade the Trump administration into joining the conflict in the coming days and weeks, experts have said.
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Drishti IAS
drishtiias.com › daily-updates › daily-news-analysis › iran-israel-conflict-2025
Iran-Israel Conflict 2025
Israel, under “Operation Rising Lion”, launched airstrikes and drone attacks on Iran’s nuclear and military sites — including Tehran, the Natanz uranium enrichment facility, a nuclear research centre, two military bases in Tabriz, and an underground missile storage site in Kermanshah — to prevent Iran from advancing towards building an atomic weapon.
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Iran International
iranintl.com › en › 202601013741
New Tehran banners threaten further attacks on Israel, US interests | Iran International
6 days ago - Dec 30, 2025, 20:25 GMT · Listen to this article · A spokesman for Iran’s Revolutionary Guards and top state officials on Tuesday warned Israel and the United States against launching any new attack on Iran, vowing a harsher and unpredictable ...