It has been foot-stomped repeatedly in my Spanish education that j sounds like an h. E.g. Jamas, japones, jalapeno, all start with a j that sounds like an h.
However, this rule seems to take on the typical 'j' sound as expressed in English at certain times such as when saying "Junior" and "Jacky". But what's strange about this is that some names like "Juan" pronounce the j like an h.
Can anyone shed any light on this?
Edit - I appreciate the comments everyone! It looks like I have a lot more to learn on the linguistics-side of the house.
Videos
When the words are foreign words and adopt the original phonetics.
Banjo comes from English, in Spanish there are both Banjo and Banyo, as it is pronounced.
Ninja comes from the Japanese and is pronounced with its original phonetics.
I didn't find any another word with "nj" from 2900 pronounced as the English "j".
But, sometimes the "j" is pronounced as in English in some words, especially anglicisms. For example:
- Jean is never pronounced j.e.a.n but as "dʒin" (Spanish pronuntiation)
- The same with Jogging, Jet, Jet set, Jet lag, Jumbo, Jazz, Junior, words all accepted in the RAE.
Sometimes it depends on the meaning or use:
Jaguar the animal is pronounced like the Spanish "j"
Jaguar the car, like the "j" in English
Ginebra is pronounced with the Spanish "g", similar to the Spanish "j" sound
Gin is pronounced with the original English phonetics
The same happens with some Gallicisms, where the j or g are not (or rarely are) pronounced with the Spanish sound but with the French one:
- Beige, Collage, Déjà vu,
- Garaje, with the original phonetics in Latin America, not in Spain.
And of course all personal names: John Travolta, Michael Jackson, Norma Jean, Jean Luc Godard, Jessica Rabbit.
@Danielillo's answer is mostly correct, but the sound isn't exactly like English ⟨j⟩ [d͡ʒ]. Rather, it's somewhere in between English ⟨j⟩ and English ⟨y⟩, a sound which doesn't exist in English — [ʝ] or [ɟ͡ʝ]. This sound is the same as the ⟨y⟩ in “yo” or the ⟨ll⟩ in “llamar”.
However, note that there's a wide variation in how this sound is pronounced in different regions, speakers, and contexts — [ʝ], [ɟ͡ʝ], [ʒ], even [ʃ]. And in some places, the pronunciation of ⟨ll⟩ is different from that of ⟨y⟩ (see yeísmo).
So, the more accurate answer to "When would Spanish speakers pronounce ⟨j⟩ like English ⟨j⟩ [d͡ʒ]?" is "never". But they pronounce it similarly ([ʝ~ɟ͡ʝ]) in loanwords from other languages, such as "banjo" and "ninja".