It seeems that the java binary does not have execution permission. Executing chmod a+x /usr/bin/java/jre-8u171-i586/bin/java might solve the issue.

But there is something wrong with how you installed java. I would try to install it using the package manager.

for it to work you need to be able to use the command "java"
could you try adding the binary directly to settings.conf?
you can find the binary on any linux distro by using the command

sudo find / -name "libjli.so" | sed "s/\/lib\/\(i386\|amd64\)\/jli\/libjli.so/\/bin\/java/g"

example for the settings in settings.conf can be found inside settings.conf.example

This sounds like you messed up the permissions of the Jar file. Check what permissions the file currently has using ls -l /bin/Test.jar. Maybe you didn't give execution permissions to all users or didn't assign read permission.

You can simply fix this with a chmod guo+rx /bin/Test.jar and the necessary permissions should be there.

Also, please note that /bin is meant for system executables. For your own executables, use /usr/local/bin. For further information read this Unix SE answer.

Is your script executable?

chmod +x start.sh

Like the message says, you probably don't have permissions to read that file. To troubleshoot, you can add:

System.out.println(sourceFile.getAbsolutePath());

to find the exact location of the file that you're trying to read and then checking the file system permissions for it:

ls -la <path to your file>

Verify that you have the r permission, otherwise this is the error that you get.

On Linux don't use : as the separator in your classpath. the ; is used to separate this.