If you are storing integers, use Long. Your statement that "Advantage of Using Double is that it gives a more wider range for storing Whole Numbers" is incorrect. Both are 64 bits long, but double has to use some bits for the exponent, leaving fewer bits to represent the magnitude. You can store larger numbers in a double but you will lose precision.

In other words, for numbers larger than some upper bound you can no longer store adjacent "whole numbers"... given an integer value above this threshold, the "next" possible double will be more than 1 greater than the previous number.

For example

public class Test1  
{

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception 
    {
        long   long1 = Long.MAX_VALUE - 100L;
        double dbl1  = long1;
        long   long2 = long1+1;
        double dbl2  = dbl1+1;
        double dbl3  = dbl2+Math.ulp(dbl2);

        System.out.printf("%d %d\n%f %f %f", long1, long2, dbl1, dbl2, dbl3);
    }

}

This outputs:

9223372036854775707 9223372036854775708
9223372036854776000.000000 9223372036854776000.000000 9223372036854778000.000000

Note that

1. The double representation of Long.MAX_VALUE-100 does NOT equal the original value
2. Adding 1 to the double representation of Long.MAX_VALUE-100 has no effect
3. At this magnitude, the difference between one double and the next possible double value is 2000.

Another way of saying this is that long has just under 19 digits precision, while double has only 16 digits precision. Double can store numbers larger than 16 digits, but at the cost of truncation/rounding in the low-order digits.

If you need more than 19 digits precision you must resort to BigInteger, with the expected decrease in performance.

The absolute quantity of information that you can store in 64 bit is of course the same.

What changes is the meaning you assign to the bits.

In an integer or long variable, the codification used is the same you use for decimal numbers in your normal life, with the exception of the fact that number two complement is used, but this doesn't change that much, since it's only a trick to gain an additional number (while storing just one zero instead that a positive and a negative).

In a float or double variable, bits are split in two kinds: the mantissa and the exponent. This means that every double number is shaped like XXXXYYYYY where it's numerical value is something like XXXX*2^YYYY. Basically you decide to encode them in a different way, what you obtain is that you have the same amount of values but they are distribuited in a different way over the whole set of real numbers.

The fact that the largest/smallest value of a floating number is larger/smaller of the largest/smalles value of a integer number doesn't imply anything on the amount of data effectively stored.