Ok. So what you want is to search, within a String, for a sequence of characters starting and ending with double-quotes?

    String bar = "A \"car\"";
    Pattern string = Pattern.compile("\".*?\"");
    Matcher matcher = string.matcher(bar);
    String result = matcher.replaceAll("\"bicycle\"");

Note the non-greedy .*? pattern.

In Java you can use this regex to match all escaped quotes between " and ":

boolean valid = input.matches("\"[^\"\\\\]*(\\\\.[^\"\\\\]*)*\"");

Regex being used is:

^"[^"\\]*(\\.[^"\\]*)*"$

Breakup:

^             # line start
"             # match literal "
[^"\\]*       # match 0 or more of any char that is not " and \
(             # start a group
   \\         # match a backslash \
   .          # match any character after \
   [^"\\]*    # match 0 or more of any char that is not " and \
)*            # group end, and * makes it possible to match 0 or more occurrances
"             # match literal "
$             # line end

RegEx Demo

Since Java 1.5, yes:

Pattern.quote("$5");

Add a + behind the number part in order for the regex to match numbers of any length. [0-9] alone will only match exactly 1 digit.

Furthermore, what about spaces? In your example there are spaces, in your code, there are none. You can add \\s* to match any (including none) white-space.

string.replaceAll("\"name\"\\s*:\\s*\"[0-9]+\",", "")

You can play around with it on Regex101.

Andy Turner's comment: You need to use replaceAll instead of replace. replace does not interpret the first parameter as a regex, but tries to find that exact string in your string.

Consider the following regular expression:

String regex = "\"(?:\\\\\"|[^\"])*?\"";

It starts with a quote, followed by zero or more non-quote characters or escaped quote characters. The last character has to be a quote.

If you apply this regex to java code, remember that it also matches text inside quotes in comments. If you have unbalanced quotes in your comments it won't match string literals (it will then match the exact opposite).

If you had the example you posted in a String variable named example the following would work:

String wanted = example.replaceAll(regex, "\"ABC\"");

Here's a full example:

String literal = "String foo = \"bar\" + \"with\\\"escape\" + \"baz\";";
String regex = "\"(?:\\\\\"|[^\"])*?\"";
String replacement = "\"\"";
String wanted = literal.replaceAll(regex, replacement);
System.out.println(literal);
System.out.println(wanted);

prints

String foo = "bar" + "with\"escape" + "baz";
String foo = "" + "" + "";