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What are the advantages of using JSON over XML?
How do I convert XML to JSON using Python?
Can I convert complex XML structures to JSON seamlessly?
For a simple solution, I recommend Jackson, as it can transform arbitrarily complex JSON into XML with just a few simple lines of code.
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.xml.XmlMapper;
public class Foo
{
public String name;
public Bar bar;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
// JSON input: {"name":"FOO","bar":{"id":42}}
String jsonInput = "{\"name\":\"FOO\",\"bar\":{\"id\":42}}";
ObjectMapper jsonMapper = new ObjectMapper();
Foo foo = jsonMapper.readValue(jsonInput, Foo.class);
XmlMapper xmlMapper = new XmlMapper();
System.out.println(xmlMapper.writeValueAsString(foo));
// <Foo xmlns=""><name>FOO</name><bar><id>42</id></bar></Foo>
}
}
class Bar
{
public int id;
}
This demo uses Jackson 1.7.7 (the newer 1.7.8 should also work), Jackson XML Databind 0.5.3 (not yet compatible with Jackson 1.8), and Stax2 3.1.1.
Here is an example of how you can do this, generating valid XML. I also use the Jackson library in a Maven project.
Maven setup:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml/jackson-xml-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-xml-databind</artifactId>
<version>0.6.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.6</version>
</dependency>
Here is some Java code that first converts a JSON string to an object and then converts the object with the XMLMapper to XML and also removes any wrong element names. The reason for replacing wrong characters in XML element names is the fact that you can use in JSON element names like $oid with characters not allowed in XML. The Jackson library does not account for that, so I ended up adding some code which removes illegal characters from element names and also the namespace declarations.
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.xml.XmlMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Converts JSON to XML and makes sure the resulting XML
* does not have invalid element names.
*/
public class JsonToXMLConverter {
private static final Pattern XML_TAG =
Pattern.compile("(?m)(?s)(?i)(?<first><(/)?)(?<nonXml>.+?)(?<last>(/)?>)");
private static final Pattern REMOVE_ILLEGAL_CHARS =
Pattern.compile("(i?)([^\\s=\"'a-zA-Z0-9._-])|(xmlns=\"[^\"]*\")");
private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
private XmlMapper xmlMapper = new XmlMapper();
String convertToXml(Object obj) throws IOException {
final String s = xmlMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
return removeIllegalXmlChars(s);
}
private String removeIllegalXmlChars(String s) {
final Matcher matcher = XML_TAG.matcher(s);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while(matcher.find()) {
String elementName = REMOVE_ILLEGAL_CHARS.matcher(matcher.group("nonXml"))
.replaceAll("").trim();
matcher.appendReplacement(sb, "${first}" + elementName + "${last}");
}
matcher.appendTail(sb);
return sb.toString();
}
Map<String, Object> convertJson(String json) throws IOException {
return mapper.readValue(json, new TypeReference<Map<String, Object>>(){});
}
public String convertJsonToXml(String json) throws IOException {
return convertToXml(convertJson(json));
}
}
Here is a JUnit test for convertJsonToXml:
@Test
void convertJsonToXml() throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
try(InputStream in = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("json/customer_sample.json")) {
String json = new Scanner(in).useDelimiter("\\Z").next();
String xml = converter.convertJsonToXml(json);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = db.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(xml.getBytes("UTF-8")));
Node first = doc.getFirstChild();
assertNotNull(first);
assertTrue(first.getChildNodes().getLength() > 0);
}
}
You may take a look at the Json-lib Java library, that provides XML-to-JSON conversion.
CopyString xml = "<hello><test>1.2</test><test2>123</test2></hello>";
XMLSerializer xmlSerializer = new XMLSerializer();
JSON json = xmlSerializer.read( xml );
If you need the root tag too, simply add an outer dummy tag:
CopyString xml = "<hello><test>1.2</test><test2>123</test2></hello>";
XMLSerializer xmlSerializer = new XMLSerializer();
JSON json = xmlSerializer.read("<x>" + xml + "</x>");
There is no direct mapping between XML and JSON; XML carries with it type information (each element has a name) as well as namespacing. Therefore, unless each JSON object has type information embedded, the conversion is going to be lossy.
But that doesn't necessarily matter. What does matter is that the consumer of the JSON knows the data contract. For example, given this XML:
Copy<books>
<book author="Jimbo Jones" title="Bar Baz">
<summary>Foo</summary>
</book>
<book title="Don't Care" author="Fake Person">
<summary>Dummy Data</summary>
</book>
</books>
You could convert it to this:
{
"books": [
{ "author": "Jimbo Jones", "title": "Bar Baz", "summary": "Foo" },
{ "author": "Fake Person", "title": "Don't Care", "summary": "Dummy Data" },
]
}
And the consumer wouldn't need to know that each object in the books collection was a book object.
Edit:
If you have an XML Schema for the XML and are using .NET, you can generate classes from the schema using xsd.exe. Then, you could parse the source XML into objects of these classes, then use a DataContractJsonSerializer to serialize the classes as JSON.
If you don't have a schema, it will be hard getting around manually defining your JSON format yourself.