If you are asking whether (and why) you need to create Node instances to use a java.util.LinkedList, the answer is: No you don't. The list itself takes care of that.

(Note that the Node class that you linked to is not a linked list node. It actually denotes a node in an DOM. The actual Node class used internally by java.util.LinkedList is a private class.)


If you were asking why linked lists in general require a Node type, the answer is that they don't.

The other way of creating a linked list (that doesn't involve a Node type) is to directly chain the elements of a list to each other. This has a couple of consequences:

  1. This requires the element class itself to have a next field (and possibly a prev field) for chaining the elements.

  2. It means that a given element instance can only be a member of one list at a time, and can't be a member of the same list twice.

Together, these mean that the nodeless approach is incompatible with the standard java.util.List API.

The nodeless approach is also bad from the OO design perspective:

  • By the adding next and prev fields to the element type, you are breaking down abstraction boundaries and the separation of concerns.
  • The element instance now knows about the list that the element is part of.
  • The list abstraction only works for certain types of element, and has to take account of which list an element is a member of.

These things are liable to make the nodeless list abstraction harder to use ... and less reusable. (Though in limited circumstances, it may still be a good solution.)

Answer from Stephen C on Stack Overflow
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org โ€บ java โ€บ linked-list-in-java
LinkedList in Java - GeeksforGeeks
LinkedList is a part of the Java Collections Framework and is present in the java.util package. It implements a doubly linked list, where each element is stored in a node containing the element and references to the previous and next nodes.
Published: 1 month ago
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W3Schools
w3schools.com โ€บ java โ€บ java_linkedlist.asp
Java LinkedList
LinkedList stores elements as linked nodes, making inserts and removals fast.
Discussions

Understanding Singly Linked Lists (JAVA)
Consider this code: Node a = new Node(5); Node b = a; Is it confusing that a and b refer to the same object? If so, we need to figure out the confusion. If not, then consider: Node a = new Node(5); Node b = new Node(6); a.next = b; Here a.next and b refer to the same object. This is conceptually no different that what we did before. More on reddit.com
๐ŸŒ r/learnprogramming
6
3
July 15, 2021
linked list - Why do I need the Node class in Java for LinkedList? - Stack Overflow
After going over different tutorials on Linked Lists I am seeing some mentioning the Java Node class for linking to the previous and next nodes and some not using it at all when creating a linkedLi... More on stackoverflow.com
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Can someone ELI5? Linked Lists in Java.
You need to ask specific questions. If you understand linked lists it should be simple to find a trivial linked list implementation in java. More on reddit.com
๐ŸŒ r/learnprogramming
9
2
June 17, 2014
Understanding the linked list front node.
Both, you and your teacher are correct (in a certain way). After the line: Node newNode = new Node(new FootBallPlayer(footBallPlayer)); +----------------+ +---------+ | | | newNode +------>+ | +---------+ | FootBallPlayer | | | | | +----------------+ When you assign head = newNode you tell Java that head should reference the same object as newNode. The object behind newNode only exists once in memory, but after the above line, two variables point at that object. After the line head = newNode;: +---------+ +----------------+ | newNode +------>+ | +---------+ | | | FootBallPlayer | +---------+ | | | head +------>+ | +---------+ +----------------+ So, both, head and newNode have access to exactly the same data. If you change some data on head, the change will also be reflected in newNode and vice versa. As soon as the .add method has finished its run, the newNode variable falls out of scope and does no longer exist. From that point on, only head has access to the added node. After the .add method has ended: +----------------+ | | | | | FootBallPlayer | +---------+ | | | head +------>+ | +---------+ +----------------+ More on reddit.com
๐ŸŒ r/javahelp
6
9
February 18, 2019
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Reddit
reddit.com โ€บ r/learnprogramming โ€บ understanding singly linked lists (java)
r/learnprogramming on Reddit: Understanding Singly Linked Lists (JAVA)
July 15, 2021 -

Hey guys I'm having trouble understanding Linked Lists. I have tried to follow along with multiple tutorials but everyone has done this in slightly different ways leading only to more confusion on my end. This is the first data structure I have manually had to build and I'm having trouble understanding exactly how it works.

I know there are two parts to every Node. The Node stores some kind of value, then points to the next node and connects them. I understand conceptually what is happening, but the code to make this happen is confusing to me. Would appreciate any help I could get.

From the code below my questions are:

  1. What value does head.next now hold after it has been assigned to nodeB ?  (or does it just reference?)

  2. Or does it just connect Node Objects?

  3. How does .next connect these two Node Objects exactly?

class Node
{
    int data; // data to store in Node
    Node next; // automatically set to null
    Node(int givenData) // constructor
    {
        this.data = givenData;            
    }

}

public class NodeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        Node head = new Node(6);
        Node nodeB = new Node(3);
        Node nodeC = new Node(69);

        head.next = nodeB;
        nodeB.next = nodeC;

    }

// Node counting Method kind of irrelevant to questions, but maybe helpful to giving more of an explaination.

    static int countNodes(Node head)
    {

        int count = 1;
        Node current = head;

        while(current.next != null)
        {
            current = current.next;
            count += 1;
        }
        return count;


    }
    
}
Top answer
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5
Consider this code: Node a = new Node(5); Node b = a; Is it confusing that a and b refer to the same object? If so, we need to figure out the confusion. If not, then consider: Node a = new Node(5); Node b = new Node(6); a.next = b; Here a.next and b refer to the same object. This is conceptually no different that what we did before.
2 of 2
2
To quickly answer your 3 questions, the short answer is that yes, ' head.next ' holds onto a reference of the next node in the linked list. To understand this a little bit deeper, let's say each instance of a Node is given a random memory location, like so: Node head = new Node(6); // Assigned to mem. location: 100 Node nodeB = new Node(3); // Assigned to mem. location: 101 Node nodeC = new Node(69); // Assigned to mem. location: 102 Think of each memory location as a bucket that can hold any kind of data. Creating a new instance of a node via 'new Node(6)', fills that bucket with data pertaining to a node (i.e., the value of the node, the memory location of the next node, and anything else that might make up a node). So, when we want to access the data of a Node, we tell the computer to go to memory location 100, grab the node, and access whatever values we want from that node (including the value of the next node's location). That brings us to how we can connect these buckets by using a bucket's memory location. In addition to filling our bucket with a basic integer, we can also fill it with another bucket's memory location. That way we can traverse to the next bucket, play with whatever value is there, and move onto the next bucket after that. Continuing with this example, let's connect each of them via assignment: head.next = nodeB; // head.next points to location: 101 nodeB.next = nodeC; // nodeB.next points to location: 102 nodeC.next = null; // nodeC.next points to a 'null' location After performing these ops, we now have a singly linked list! Expanding on this bucket example, we can now look at what's inside of our head bucket, as well as the subsequent buckets: Node myBucket = head; // myBucket now has handle on the Node at location 100 myBucket = myBucket.next; // go to location 100, grab the location of the next node: 101, now myBucket has a handle on the Node at location 101 myBucket = myBucket.next; // go to location 101, grab the location of the next node: 102, now myBucket has a handle on the Node at location 102
Top answer
1 of 2
3

If you are asking whether (and why) you need to create Node instances to use a java.util.LinkedList, the answer is: No you don't. The list itself takes care of that.

(Note that the Node class that you linked to is not a linked list node. It actually denotes a node in an DOM. The actual Node class used internally by java.util.LinkedList is a private class.)


If you were asking why linked lists in general require a Node type, the answer is that they don't.

The other way of creating a linked list (that doesn't involve a Node type) is to directly chain the elements of a list to each other. This has a couple of consequences:

  1. This requires the element class itself to have a next field (and possibly a prev field) for chaining the elements.

  2. It means that a given element instance can only be a member of one list at a time, and can't be a member of the same list twice.

Together, these mean that the nodeless approach is incompatible with the standard java.util.List API.

The nodeless approach is also bad from the OO design perspective:

  • By the adding next and prev fields to the element type, you are breaking down abstraction boundaries and the separation of concerns.
  • The element instance now knows about the list that the element is part of.
  • The list abstraction only works for certain types of element, and has to take account of which list an element is a member of.

These things are liable to make the nodeless list abstraction harder to use ... and less reusable. (Though in limited circumstances, it may still be a good solution.)

2 of 2
1

You donโ€™t technically necessarily need a node class, but the design with a node class is the good design. The design without one is the poor design.

This answer is slightly opinionated, but based on what we should all have learned in the first or at least the second year of programming, so consensus-based.

Say that we have a list of students. Itโ€™s now the natural responsibility of each Student object to have (โ€œknowโ€) the studentโ€™s contact information, courses enrolled in, grades taken, etc. It is not the natural responsibility of a Student object to know that it is part of a linked list, not to mention whether that list is singly or doubly linked. For this responsibility we have the Node class.

The design with the Node class has the further potential advantage that you can design and code a generic linked list and use it to instantiate a list of students, a list of teachers, a list of courses, etc. Stephen C in the other answer mentions further advantages.

Historical background: Where I learned data structures around 1980, we would fit each student record with a next pointer. (We learned singly linked lists. Doubly linked lists were only mentioned in passing.) What is nowadays considered the poor design. I had hoped that it had long gone out of use.

Performance (skip this paragraph until you really need it :-) : The poor design with next and previous references within the business objects like Student will typically perform slightly better. So if you are in a situation where performance is a Very Real Issue, you may consider it. It is no low-hanging fruit since it pollutes your design, so it will probably come near the bottom of your list of measures to take for better performance.

๐ŸŒ
Baeldung
baeldung.com โ€บ home โ€บ java โ€บ java list โ€บ creating a custom linked list data structure in java
Creating a Custom Linked List Data Structure in Java | Baeldung
April 22, 2025 - Notably, since the Java standard ... for educational purposes. A linked list is a collection of nodes, where each node stores a value and a reference to the next node in the sequence....
Find elsewhere
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UCSD
cseweb.ucsd.edu โ€บ classes โ€บ su99 โ€บ cse8a โ€บ lec61.html
Linked list in Java:
Java will no longer allow "new ListNode()", unless we define a 0-arg constructor. ... Let's write two more methods, search, which looks for an element in the list and insertAt, which inserts an element into a given position. ... We can not insert (or delete) from the front of the list, because all we have is the "this" pointer to the first node.
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org โ€บ java โ€บ implementing-a-linked-list-in-java-using-class
Implementing a Linked List in Java using Class - GeeksforGeeks
July 11, 2025 - Since a Linked List is typically represented by the head pointer of it, it is required to traverse the list till the last node and then change the next to last node to the new node. ... import java.io.*; // Java program to implement // a Singly Linked List public class LinkedList { Node head; // head of list // Linked list Node.
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Medium
medium.com โ€บ @YodgorbekKomilo โ€บ a-comprehensive-guide-to-linkedlist-in-java-a64a4584a3dd
A Comprehensive Guide to LinkedList in Java | by Yodgorbek Komilov | Medium
September 2, 2024 - The last nodeโ€™s next reference points back to the head of the list, forming a circle. This can be applied to both singly and doubly linked lists. ... Useful for applications that require continuous looping over the list. No null references in the list. Both ArrayList and LinkedList implement the List interface in Java, but they have different performance characteristics.
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org โ€บ dsa โ€บ singly-linked-list-tutorial
Singly Linked List Tutorial - GeeksforGeeks
January 13, 2026 - In this example, the Node class contains an integer data field (data) to store the information and a pointer to another Node (next) to establish the link to the next node in the list.
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Medium
sumeetpanchal-21.medium.com โ€บ implementing-a-linked-list-in-java-a-step-by-step-guide-for-interview-preparation-d7011ee54104
๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ’ป Implementing a Linked List in Java: A Step-by-Step Guide for Interview Preparation ๐Ÿ“š | by Sumeet Panchal | Medium
January 13, 2025 - Explanation: This method prints the value of the tail node. The tail is the last node in the list. ... Explanation: This method prints the current number of nodes in the linked list, which is stored in the length variable.
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freeCodeCamp
freecodecamp.org โ€บ news โ€บ how-linked-lists-work
How Does a Linked List Work? A Beginner's Guide to Linked Lists
October 29, 2024 - It is the starting point of a linked list. The last node is called the tail node.
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Mahesh's blog
m4hblogs.hashnode.dev โ€บ understanding-linked-lists-in-java-a-beginners-guide
Understanding Linked Lists in Java: A Beginner's Guide
March 18, 2023 - However, for the purpose of this article, we will demonstrate how to implement a linked list from scratch. The Node class The first step in implementing a linked list is to define a Node class, which represents a single node in the list.
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PREP INSTA
prepinsta.com โ€บ home โ€บ dsa in java โ€บ linked list in java
Linked List in Java | PrepInsta
August 8, 2025 - In Java, a linked list can be implemented using a custom class for the node, containing data and a reference to the next node (Node next).
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TutorialsPoint
tutorialspoint.com โ€บ data_structures_algorithms โ€บ linked_list_algorithms.htm
Linked List Data Structure
A linked list is a linear data structure which can store a collection of "nodes" connected together via links i.e. pointers. Linked lists nodes are not stored at a contiguous location, rather they are linked using pointers to the different memory ...
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VisuAlgo
visualgo.net โ€บ en โ€บ list
Linked List (Single, Doubly), Stack, Queue, Deque - VisuAlgo
It uses pointers/references to allow items/data to be non-contiguous in memory (that is the main difference with a ยท simple array). The items are ordered from index 0 to index N-1 by associating item i with its neighbour item i+1 through a pointer.
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Simplilearn
simplilearn.com โ€บ home โ€บ resources โ€บ software development โ€บ linked list in java: all you need to know about it
Linked List in Java: All You Need to Know About it
April 26, 2021 - A linked list in Java is a dynamic data structure whose size increases as you add the elements and decreases as you remove the elements from the list. Read on!
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org โ€บ wiki โ€บ Linked_list
Linked list - Wikipedia
3 days ago - Juan, Angel (2006). "Ch20 โ€“Data Structures; ID06 - PROGRAMMING with JAVA (slide part of the book 'Big Java', by CayS. Horstmann)" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2011-07-10. Black, Paul E. (2004-08-16). Pieterse, Vreda; Black, Paul E. (eds.). "linked list".
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LeetCode
leetcode.com โ€บ problems โ€บ design-linked-list
Design Linked List - LeetCode
int get(int index) Get the value of the indexth node in the linked list.