2 weeks ago - Argument from fallacy (also known as the fallacy fallacy) – the assumption that, if a particular argument for a "conclusion" is fallacious, then the conclusion by itself is false. Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgement based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities. Conjunction fallacy – the assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them. Non sequitur fallacy – where the conclusion does not logically follow from the premise.

The Category:Logical fallacies has pages about invalid forms of predicate logic or other unsound reasoning, which might lead to true results, but based on faulty logical arguments. The following 45 pages are in this category, out of 45 total.

3 days ago - Verbal fallacies may be placed in either formal or informal classifications: Compare equivocation, which is a word- or phrase-based ambiguity, to the fallacy of composition, which is premise- and inference-based ambiguity. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) was the first to systematize logical errors into a list ...

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Logical fallacies. Wikiquote has quotations related to Fallacy. This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. ... The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. This list may not reflect recent changes.

A formal fallacy can be detected by examining the logical form of the reasoning, whereas an informal fallacy usually cannot be detected this way because it depends upon the content of the reasoning and possibly the purpose of the reasoning. So, informal fallacies are errors of reasoning that cannot easily be expressed in our standard system of formal logic, the first-order predicate logic. The long list below contains very few formal fallacies.

4 days ago - In this way, the deductive fallacy is formed by points that may individually appear logical, but when placed together are shown to be incorrect. A special case is a mathematical fallacy, an intentionally invalid mathematical proof, often with the error subtle and somehow concealed. Mathematical fallacies are typically crafted and exhibited for educational purposes, usually taking the form of spurious proofs of obvious contradictions.

April 10, 2023 - Therefore, buying ice cream increases your risk of being bitten by a shark. An appeal to hypocrisy, also known as a tu quoque fallacy, is a rebuttal that responds to one claim with reactive criticism rather than with a response to the claim itself. Example: “You don’t have enough experience to be the new leader.” “Neither do you!” · Although this list covers the most commonly seen logical fallacies, it’s not exhaustive.

This category is for fallacies of propositional logic, which deals with the logical relationships between propositions. The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes.

Our purpose here at RationalWiki includes: · We welcome contributors, and encourage those who disagree with us to register and engage in constructive dialogue

July 24, 2025 - The definist fallacy is a logical fallacy, coined by William Frankena in 1939 in a critique of the "naturalistic fallacy", that involves the definition of one property in terms of a non-synonym. Equivocation – Misleading use of a term with multiple meanings · Fallacy – Argument that uses faulty reasoning · Fallacy of division · Fallacy of equivocation – Misleading use of a term with multiple meanings · Fallacies of inference – Conclusion made on the basis of one or few instances of a phenomenon ·

Wikipedia's more exhaustive list of formal and informal fallacies. Nizkor's list of fallacies. The Fallacy Files is a very exhaustive list. Hansen, Hans, "Fallacies", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2015/entries/fallacies/ Dowden, Bradley, Fallacies, entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. RationalWiki, entries on Logical fallacy.

Warfare should be tolerated because it is part of the violent and natural instinct of human nature. The naturalistic fallacy (claims about what is good) overlaps with the moralistic fallacy (regarding what is moral), that what is morally desirable is to be found in nature. If other animal species engage in adultery or don’t stay with their partners, then why can’t we choose the same lifestyle? These fallacies also overlap with the “is-ought” problem or fallacy – deducing an “ought” from an “is,” i.e., assuming that things should be as they are in nature or in the world.

September 22, 2013 - This is cool because almost half of these are actual logical fallacies instead of just bad premises. ... I see lists like this all the time. What I'd really like to see is a master list of biases. ... See the top comment here, one of the links is to a list of biases on wikipedia.

Ad Hominem* Ambiguity* Anecdotal* Appeal to Authority* Appeal to Emotion* Appeal to Nature* Appeal to Ridicule Appeal to Tradition Argument from Repetition Argumentum ad Populum Bandwagon* Begging the Question* Burden of Proof* Circular Reasoning* Continuum Fallacy Equivocation* Etymological Fallacy* Fallacy Fallacy* Fallacy of Composition and Division* Fallacy of Quoting Out of Context False Cause & False Attribution* False Dilemma* Faulty Generalization* Furtive Fallacy Gambler's Fallacy* Genetic Fallacy* Ignoratio Elenchi Incomplete Comparison Inflation of Conflict Kettle Logic Loaded Question* Middle Ground* No True Scotsman* Personal Incredulity* Proof by Verbosity Proving Too Much Red Herring* Reification Retrospective Determinism Shotgun Argumentation Slippery Slope* Special Pleading* Strawman* Texas Sharpshooter* Tu Quoque* Fallacies marked with * are more common.

Master List of Logical Fallacies · Fallacies are fake or deceptive arguments, "junk cognition," that is, arguments that seem irrefutable but prove nothing. Fallacies often seem superficially sound and they far too often retain immense persuasive power even after being clearly exposed as false.

In this example the author is equating the character of a car with the character of the people who built the car. However, the two are not inherently related. Begging the Claim: The conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim. Example: Filthy and polluting coal should be banned. Arguing that coal pollutes the earth and thus should be banned would be logical.

November 13, 2023 - The Periodic Table Of Logical Fallacies. All words and pictures by me.