For me, I got it to work by adding --platform=linux/amd64 to the build.options property in devcontainer.json. e.g.:

{
    // Other properties
    "build": { 
        "context": "..",
        "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
        "options": [
            "--platform=linux/amd64"
        ]
    },
    // Other properties
}

• "context": ".." specifies the build context directory.
• "dockerfile": "Dockerfile" points to the Dockerfile used for the build.
• "options": ["--platform=linux/amd64"] adds the --platform option to target the linux/amd64 architecture.

In the json reference for devcontainer.json it says that you can add Docker image build options in the build.options property.

References:

• devcontainer.json Reference
• Image-specific JSON Reference
• Docker Buildx Build Options
• Docker Buildx Platform Options